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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISORDERS

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISORDERS. SBI 3C : http ://chatt.hdsb.ca/~ThomsonJ/FOV1-0010A0E0/FOV1-00116032/. COMMON COLD/INFLUENZA: . Infection of respiratory tract Mild discomfort

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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISORDERS

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  1. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISORDERS SBI 3C: http://chatt.hdsb.ca/~ThomsonJ/FOV1-0010A0E0/FOV1-00116032/

  2. COMMON COLD/INFLUENZA: • Infection of respiratory tract • Mild discomfort • Congestion due to production of mucus which stimulates cough to clear contaminants from airways • Can be treated with antibiotics if bacterial

  3. BRONCHITIS: • Inflammation or swelling of bronchi and bronchioles • Can be caused by viral or bacterial infection or by chemical irritants (smoke) • Results in production of excess mucus • Causes narrowing in airways making breathing and gas exchange more difficult

  4. PNEUMONIA: • Lung infection caused by virus, bacterium or fungus that leads to accumulation of fluid in lung • Symptoms: • Cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing • Leading cause of death in young, old and chronically old

  5. ASTHMA • Involves inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles • In response to: • Allergic reaction • Exercise • Cold air • Causes excess mucus production, airways narrow • Asthmatics take inhalers that deliver corticosteroids to lungs and cause bronchi and bronchioles to open

  6. PNEUMOTHORAX (COLLAPSED LUNG): • The space between the wall of the chest cavity and the lung itself fills with air, causing all or a portion of the lung to collapse • Air usually enters this space, called the pleural space, through an injury to the chest wall or a hole in the lung • Leads to severe oxygen shortage, low blood pressure, and cardiac arrest unless treated

  7. PNEUMOTHORAX/COLLAPSED LUNG: • Risk Factors: • Tall males, especially smokers, are characteristically at a higher risk of spontaneous pneumothorax • Traumatic pneumothorax occurs either because a hole in the chest wall, such as a stab wound or gunshot wound, allows air to enter the pleural space, or because of injury to the lung

  8. SMOKING AND LUNG CANCER: • Leading cause of cancer death in Canada • Smoking is responsible for 87% of all lung cancers • Each year 330 nonsmoking Canadians die from lung cancer due to secondhand smoke • Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of death in the world

  9. SMOKING AND LUNG CANCER: • Begins in the cells of bronchi or bronchioles • Smoke travels to bronchi and bronchioles and irritates cells • Cells produce excess mucus to trap foreign particles • Chemicals in smoke stop cilia from beating and removing contaminants from lungs • Tar and toxic materials become trapped in mucus and can cause mutations in cells • Mutated cells grow uncontrollably resulting in cancerous tumor • When smokers quit their respiratory system improves immediately and risk of developing cancer and other smoking-related diseases decreases over time

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