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Expansion cards

Expansion cards. Unit objectives Describe video adapters and standards, and install a video adapter Define sound cards and identify the components of a sound card, and install a sound card Describe modem standards and identify the components of a modem

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Expansion cards

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  1. Expansion cards Unit objectives • Describe video adapters and standards, and install a video adapter • Define sound cards and identify the components of a sound card, and install a sound card • Describe modem standards and identify the components of a modem • Identify the symptoms, probable causes, and potential solutions for problems related to expansion cards

  2. Topic A • Topic A: Video cards • Topic B: Sound cards • Topic C: Internal modems • Topic D: Expansion card troubleshooting

  3. Video adapters • Produce signals displayed by the monitor • Text, images, video • Black & white and color

  4. Creating an image • Phosphorescent coating • Electron beam • Refresh (scanning) rate • Interlacing • Resolution • Pixel depth (colors)

  5. Maximum colors

  6. Video standards

  7. SuperVGA • No official standard • Various proprietary schemes • VESA BIOS Extensions (VBE) • 640x400 at 8 bits per pixel • 1600x1200 at 16 bits per pixel

  8. 15-pin VGA/SVGA connector

  9. VGA/SVGA socket

  10. DVI connection types

  11. DVI-D port

  12. DVI-I port

  13. HDMI • Digital format without conversion • TMDS protocol • Eight channels of audio • Higher-resolution support • Two connector types: • Type A • Type B • Compatible with DVI-I and DVI-D

  14. HDMI Type A port

  15. Activity A-1 Identifying video adapter types

  16. Safe handling • Unplug your computer • Ground yourself to the chassis • Keep cards inside static-protective bags • Handle cards by their edges or slot cover plate • Don’t touch board components, traces, or edge-connector pins

  17. Drivers • Software that interacts with a device and enables its functions • Some are provided by operating system • Others you must install

  18. Installing an expansion card • Configure DIP switches or jumpers on the card • Shut down PC, unplug it, remove peripheral cables, and open case • Locate empty and available expansion slot of correct type • Remove cover for that slot • Move or remove wires or other expansion cards so you can access the slot • Connect wire assemblies to the expansion board continued

  19. Installing an expansion card, continued • Begin inserting the end of edge connector that’s farthest from the slot cover; then gently push card into place in slot • Fix card in place with screws or clips • Connect any wiring assemblies • Close the case, connect peripherals, and start the system • Configure the card • Install required drivers

  20. Video adapter slot types • Built into motherboard • Don’t take up an expansion slot • Common on low-end systems • Might be able to disable on-board video adapter in BIOS • Three types of video expansion slots • PCI • AGP • PCIe

  21. Activity A-2 Installing a video adapter card

  22. Topic B • Topic A: Video cards • Topic B: Sound cards • Topic C: Internal modems • Topic D: Expansion card troubleshooting

  23. PC sound • Motherboard speaker • Beeps and clicks • Creative Labs SoundBlaster • Music, plus beeps and clicks • Digitizing input music • SoundBlaster Pro = the base standard • Sound card functions • Convert digital to analog, and analog to digital • Connect game and MIDI devices

  24. Sound card components • Digital signal processor • Analog-to-digital converter • Digital-to-analog converter • Jacks and ports

  25. A sound card

  26. Sound card connectors Center speaker Rear speakers Microphone Line in Main speakers or headphones

  27. Speakers

  28. Activity B-1 Identifying the components ofa sound card

  29. Installation of sound cards • Adapter card type must match expansion bus • Must attach CD drive’s audio-out cable to sound card • Some sound cards require device drivers from the manufacturer

  30. Activity B-2 Installing a sound card

  31. Topic C • Topic A: Video cards • Topic B: Sound cards • Topic C: Internal modems • Topic D: Expansion card troubleshooting

  32. Modems • Send data signals over phone lines • Modulation • Demodulation • Forms

  33. Riser cards • AMR • Audio (sound) and modem cards • CNR • Communication (modem) and network cards • ACR • Modem, sound, and network cards • Proprietary design by ASUS • Simplified expansion card reduces price

  34. Softmodems • Implement features in software rather than hardware • WinModem: Windows-based • Less expensive • Easily upgradeable • Specific to operating system (and perhaps version) • Slower than hardware-based modems

  35. Activity C-1 Identifying your internal modem’s interface

  36. Modem connections RJ-11 connectors RJ-11 jacks: Connect to phone line Optional: connect line to a phone

  37. Data transmission speed • Measured in bits per second • Baud = a measure of signal changes per second • Comparable to the frequency of an analog wave • Bits-per-second rate = baud rate × number of bits sent per signal change • ITU defines standards for modems

  38. ITU standards

  39. MNP classes: Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 Class 6 Class 7 Class 8 Class 9 Class 10 Class 10EC Error detection and compression

  40. Activity C-2 Identifying modem connections

  41. Topic D • Topic A: Video cards • Topic B: Sound cards • Topic C: Internal modems • Topic D: Expansion card troubleshooting

  42. Updating drivers • New drivers released to • Resolve conflicts • Update faulty code • Add functionality to device • Look for most up-to-date drivers on manufacturer’s Web site • Usually free download • Look for links such as Drivers, Support, or Downloads • Update driver via Device Manager

  43. Activity D-1 Searching for and installing updated drivers

  44. Video card problems • No video at all • Video scrolls, flips, wavers, or is too large; lines are doubled up • Video flickers • Video is blurry • Image artifacts are displayed across the screen • System freezes during a video change • Video is connected to DVI connector, but monitor displays message that analog connection is disconnected

  45. Sound card problems • No sound • Sound is very low • Sound is distorted • No audio captured • No audio from CD

  46. Modem problems • Modem picks up line and dials, but doesn’t connect • Modem reports no dial tone detected • Connection drops frequently • Modem connects, but only at low speeds • Modem doesn’t work at all • Configuration-related error messages

  47. NIC indicator lights • Observe to see if device is working • Green is typically good • Flash when sending or receiving data • If not illuminated, check Device Manager • Check device properties

  48. Activity D-2 Troubleshooting expansion card problems

  49. Unit summary • Described video adapters and standards, and installed a video adapter • Defined sound cards and identified the components of a sound card, and installed a sound card • Described modem standards and identified the components of a modem • Identified the symptoms, probable causes, and potential solutions for problems related to expansion cards

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