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Biosecurity for Dairy Producers

Biosecurity for Dairy Producers. Angie Dement Extension Associate for Veterinary Medicine Texas AgriLife Extension Service College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M System College Station, TX 77843 http://aevm.tamu.edu. What is biosecurity?

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Biosecurity for Dairy Producers

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  1. Biosecurity for Dairy Producers Angie Dement Extension Associate for Veterinary Medicine Texas AgriLife Extension Service College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Texas A&M System College Station, TX 77843 http://aevm.tamu.edu

  2. What is biosecurity? • Best management practices that prevent infectious diseases from being introduced into a herd or flock.

  3. Epidemiology of Disease • Epidemiology • Study of the way disease is distributed in populations and factors that influence or determine the distribution • Exposure • Immunity

  4. Means of Transmission • Direct • Susceptible animals come into direct or close contact with an infected, contagious animal • Indirect • Animals come into contact with infected or contaminated animate vectors, inanimate vehicles and environmental fomites

  5. Routes of Transmission • Aerosol inhalation • Oral • Reproductive • Skin contact • Blood

  6. Sources • Carrier/Reservoir Animals • Aerosol Droplets • Nasal Fluid • Ocular Fluid • Saliva • Manure • Urine • Milk • Fetal Fluid • In-Utero • Genital Fluid • Blood • Carcass

  7. Vectors • Ticks • Flies • Mosquitoes • Scavengers

  8. Vehicles • Instruments • Needle • Ear tagger • Tattooer • Dehorner • Nose tong • Knife • Utensils • Bucket • Trough

  9. Environment • Soil • Water • Food

  10. Exposures • Susceptible animals • Mouth • Nose • Eyes • Skin • Teats • Vagina • Prepuce • Transplacental • Venereal • Blood

  11. Immunity • Definition • Animal’s ability to resist a disease • Types • Natural • Active • Passive

  12. Vaccinations • Prevent disease • Provide antibodies

  13. Work with veterinarian • Follow label • Dosage • Storage • Needle usage

  14. FEAD Quick Facts http://aevm.tamu.edu

  15. Biosecurity Practices for Dairy Producers

  16. Disease Risk Assessment • Identify diseases and transmission • Determine cost benefits

  17. General Practices • Identify all animals • Keep records • Provide balanced ration • Prevent manure contamination • Prevent transmission • Bunks • Milking • Reservoir animals • Necropsy dead animals • Carcass disposal plans

  18. — Allen Roussel

  19. Pre-weaned calves • Vaccination programs • Dam • Calves • Clean maternal lot • Newborn calves • Removal • 10% body weight • Navel health • Separate calves • Older animals • Surface run-off • Milk • Colostrum • Waste-milk

  20. — Derry Magee

  21. Purchased Animals • Quarantine new animals • Vaccination program • Collect herd history

  22. Replacement Heifers • Isolate • Vaccination program • Manure contamination • Quarantine returning animals

  23. Lactating Cows • Equipment • Established herd vs quarantined/sick • Sick animals • Isolate • Separate fresh cows

  24. Dry Cows • Dry cow treatments • Teat sealants • Vaccinate • Not within 2 weeks of calving • Separate dry and sick cows • Balanced ration

  25. Bulls • Test bulls • Before purchasing • Routinely for venereal diseases • Vaccination program

  26. Semen Importation • Purchase from known sources • Infectious disease programs • Know health history • Monitor tanks

  27. Product Safety • Culture • New cow’s • Bulk tanks • Limited access to storage facilities • Alarm systems • Sanitize tank

  28. Premise Protection • Visitors • Designated meeting area • Limit number of visitors • Disinfect • Visitors • Trailers • Vehicles • Tires • Disposable clothing and shoes • Keep identification • No physical contact with animals

  29. Owners • Clothing • Disposable shoes • Clothes • Footbaths • Equipment disinfectants • Mycotoxin testing • Law enforcement

  30. Security • Lock gates • Post signs • Random security checks • Good perimeter fences • Secure facilities • Clean storage facilities before restocking • Reduce wildlife contact • Inventory materials • Secure water sources • Monitoring system • Stranger alert

  31. Transportation • Disinfectants • 1 part bleach to 1 part water • Wash/disinfect • Trailers • Tires • Mats • Trucks • Cleaning crews • Clean everything • Remove debris • Leave disinfectant for 20-30 minutes • Dry completely

  32. Employees • Wash hands • Report sick animals • Check out keys • Safety and security meetings • Guidelines for home animals • Travel from other countries

  33. Foreign Travelers • 48 hours • Disinfect clothing • No contact with cattle

  34. If disease is suspected • Routine observation • Early detection • Rapid reporting • Contact veterinarian • Report to TAHC • 1-800-550-8242 • Prompt quarantine • Rapid response • Quick diagnosis

  35. Be prepared • Emergency contact list • Critical premises information • Lots • Fences • Storage facilities • Site map

  36. Disaster Preparedness Possible natural disasters: • Disease outbreaks • Floods • Fires • Hurricanes • Tornadoes • Winter storms • Droughts

  37. Possible Human Caused Disasters: • Traffic • Terrorism & Bioterrorism • Power outages • Explosions • Hazardous material spills

  38. AIC Plan • Appendix off of local EM plan • Determines what should be done before, during and after disaster • Works with both livestock and pets/companion animals

  39. List everything that must be done, and every person involved. • Use the AIC plan only as a guide. • Don’t leave out details. • Hold regular exercises. • Communicate. • Keep situation reports and activity logs of past scenarios.

  40. What are Foreign Animal Diseases? • Disease that is not currently present in the United States • Can be zoonotic

  41. How can a FAD come into U.S.? • Natural • Accidental • Intentional (bioterrorist act)

  42. Foot and Mouth Disease • Highly contagious • Potential to spread rapidly • People not affected • Devastating • Emotionally • Economically • Sociologically

  43. Susceptible domestic and wild cloven-hoofed livestock • Cattle • Sheep • Goats • Domestic and feral swine • Deer • Llamas

  44. Transmission • Aerosol • wind • Mechanical • people, vehicles, animals • Biological • movement of infected animals • uncooked or undercooked meat products

  45. If an outbreak occurs • Restrictions • Quarantines • Eradication • Slaughter of animals • Proper disposal

  46. FMD Outbreak in 2001 in Great Britian • Delayed response • 10,472 farms depopulated • 4 million destroyed to stop disease • 2.5 million “humanely” slaughtered • Over $13 billion

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