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Conquest in the Americas

Conquest in the Americas. Section 15- 1 pp. 472-476. Preview Questions. What were the results of the first encounters between the Spanish and Native Americans? How did Spanish conquistadors conquer the Aztec and Incan empires? Why were the Spanish victorious?.

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Conquest in the Americas

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  1. Conquest in the Americas Section 15-1 pp. 472-476

  2. Preview Questions • What were the results of the first encounters between the Spanish and Native Americans? • How did Spanish conquistadors conquer the Aztec and Incan empires? • Why were the Spanish victorious?

  3. First Encounters in the Americas • Meeting the Tainos • Tainos = Natives of West Indies • Treated harshly by Spanish Conquistadors • Lost their land • Forced into labor system (encomienda) • Forced to pay tributes of gold • Forced to convert to Christianity • Exposed to disease

  4. Reasons for Victory • Superior Military Technology • Horses • Muskets and cannons • Armor • Divisions Among Indians • Capitalize on rivalries • Disease • Weakened native populations

  5. Cortes Conquers Mexico • Hernan Cortes • Landed in Mexico in 1519 • Visited Tenochtitlan • Formed alliances with emperor’s enemies • Fall of Tenochtitlan • Moctezuma dies while fighting Spanish • Spanish capture the city in 1521

  6. Pizarro Takes Peru • Pizarro in Peru • Arrives in Peru after a civil war • Uses native allies to capture ruler • Conquers Peru, Ecuador, Chile The Capture of Atahualpa

  7. Spanish and Portuguese Colonies in the Americas Section 15-2 pp. 477-481

  8. Preview Questions • How did Spain rule its empire in the Americas? • What were the chief features of colonial society and culture? • How did Portugal and other European nations challenge Spanish power?

  9. Ruling the Spanish Empire • Maintaining Control • Council of the Indies: passed laws for colonies • Viceroys: ruled each province • Catholic Church • Often held political power • Worked to baptize Native Americans

  10. Ruling the Spanish Empire • The Economy • Forbidden from trading with other Europeans • Exported gold, silver, sugarcane • Encomiendas • Right to demand labor or tribute from natives • Used to run plantations

  11. Ruling the Spanish Empire • Bartolome de lasCasas • Priests who opposed the encomiendassystem • Encomienda ended in 1542 • Natives become peons • Increased use of African slaves

  12. Challenging Spanish Power • Spain’s wealth from New World caused resentment • Smugglers ignored trade restrictions • Privateers preyed on treasure ships

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