1. A Personal Rapid TransitAirport Automated People MoverComparison by Marek Kubesa ASCE 29th International Air Transport Conference August 2007

2. Overview • Define AAPM and PRT • Compare • Operating Characteristics • Infrastructure • Costs • Level of Service • Safety and Security • PRT Viability • Airport Design & Operational Impacts • Summary of Results

3. Airport Automated People Movers • Driverless Train on a guideway • One to four, 20 to 100 passenger cars • Most passengers stand • Stops at all stations • Short regular headways (minutes)

4. Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) • Driverless vehicles on a guideway • One to four seated passengers plus luggage • Direct origin to destination service • No need to transfer or stop • Service on demand – not scheduled • Very short headways (seconds)

5. Open Guideway (ULTra) Captive Bogey (Postech) Suspended (JPods)

6. Personal Rapid Transit Automated People Mover Destination Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4

7. Personal Rapid Transit Automated People Mover Destination Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4

8. Personal Rapid Transit Automated People Mover Destination Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4

9. Personal Rapid Transit Automated People Mover Destination Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4

10. Personal Rapid Transit Automated People Mover Destination Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4

11. PRT/Transit Visualization

12. Infrastructure • Guideways • PRT = ½ AAPM cost & capacity ± • May be more useful to compare cost per station • Elevated • PRT column loads = 12% AAPM ± • At Grade • PRT similar to sidewalk • Below Grade • 2 PRT guideways = ½ cross-section for 1 AAPM guideway ±

15. 2 2 4 4 6 6 2 2 6 6 2 2 8 8 4 4 4013 6096 4013 3 3 8 8 0 0 2 2 Heathrow Tunnel

16. Stations • PRT stations are typically smaller (even for same capacity) • Tight radii (15’) and steep (10%) gradients make PRT station flexible

18. Airport Concourse Station

19. Operating Cost Per Passenger • Automated systems tend to have lower costs • AAPMs can cost less than $1.00 per passenger • Morgantown PRT costs $1.50 per passenger • Modern PRT expected to cost less than Morgantown and AAPMs

20. Capital Costs per Passenger • Site specific • Studies suggest 2 to 5 times less than AAPM • Turnkey costs for open-guideway PRT = $10 – $15 million per one-way mile

21. Level of Service • Little or no waiting (<1 minute at LHR) • Non-stop • Seated travel • Private • Total trip times about ½ of AAPM • Expected to match AAPM 99.7% availability

22. Safety and Security • One way traffic • Lower maximum speeds • Separated from other traffic and pedestrians • Crowding (a potential security vulnerability) is avoided • 110 million injury-free passenger miles at Morgantown (regular transit would have injured over 100)

23. Viability • Morgantown has proven the concept • Currently no vendors with long history of viability • ULTra • On schedule for public service at Heathrow in 2008 • BAA is buying stock • 2getthere • Ten-year track record with similar systems in Holland • Vectus • Subsidiary of Posco • Aggressive testing program in Sweden

24. Potential Airport Design & Operational Impacts • Replace shuttle buses • Reduce curbside congestion/pollution • Bring passengers into terminal

26. Potential Airport Design & Operational Impacts • Seated travel terminal to gate • Smaller independent concourses • On-board airline functions & security screening • Change functionality of terminal • Consolidate waiting and concessions in same area • Just-in-time passenger delivery to gate

27. Summary of Results (1 = poor, 5 = excellent)

28. Summary of Results (1 = poor, 5 = excellent)

29. Contact Information Marek P Kubesa PRT Consulting, Inc. 1340 Deerpath Trail, Ste 200 Franktown, CO 80116 Ph: 303-532-1855 Cell: 303-652-7541 Fax: (303) 309-1913 www.prtconsulting.com