Helen M Teioli, Joelle Albert, Pip Cohen et. Al

1. WorldFish-Small Scale Fisheries contribution to livelihood, food and nutrition security in Solomon Islands Helen M Teioli, Joelle Albert, Pip Cohen et. Al Solomon Islands National Roundtable Workshop – Promoting Nutritious Food Systems in the Pacific, 27th – 28th September 2017, Honiara

2. Who we are WorldFish …is an international, non-profit research organization that harness the potential of fisheries and aquaculture to reduce hunger and poverty. It is a member of CGIAR, a global research partnership for a food-secure future... Mission: To strengthen livelihoods and enhance food and nutrition security by improving fisheries and aquaculture. We pursue this through research partnerships focused on helping those who stand to benefit the most – poor producers, consumers, women and children.

3. Solomon Island food system

4. WorldFish areas of work Inland Aquaculture (2012-2014) Community-based natural resource management Marine resource management look & learn Fish aggregate device Sustainable farming for nutrition (organic farming)

5. Nutritional status of women and children under 5 years Women of reproductive age 22% to 49% (ave 30%) overweight 11 – 285 (ave 20%) obese More than half of the women in these rural communities have an increased risk of developing NCDs like diabetes

6. Nutritional status of women and children under 5 years Women of reproductive age 22% to 49% (ave 30%) overweight 11 – 285 (ave 20%) obese More than half of the women in these rural communities have an increased risk of developing NCDs like diabetes Children aged 6 months to 5 years Stunting: 13 to 30% (ave 25%) Underweight: 3 to 27% (ave 10%) Wasting: 0 to 8% (ave 3%)

7. Solomon Islands face the double burden of malnutrition: overweight adults + stunted children • Case study results are comparable with national statistics • 43% of rural children > 5 years of age suffer from stunted growth • 47% of rural women (aged 15–49) overweight or obese (based on 2015 National DHS Data) • High rates of diabetes, (and other NCDs) with 17% of adults aged 30–70 years diagnosed with the disease • Anemia (often linked to iron deficiency) affects nearly half of all children under 5 years of age, and 44% of women (based on 2005/06 National DHS Data)

8. BUT WHY FISH?

9. Fish contributes the highest proportion of animal sourced foods 6

10. Fish is the primary source of animal sourced foods in children’s diets • 48% of children < 2 years consumed animal protein

11. Summary Solomon Islands face the double-burden of malnutrition Obese adults and stunted children Dietary quality is extremely poor Nutrition issues stem from multiple factors Given the vital role of SSF to food and nutrition security in rural communities How can we best place innovations and initiatives in SSF to improve food and nutrition security?

12. Nutrition-sensitive approaches to the broader aquatic agricultural food system are essential for food and nutrition security outcomes

13. Gender in Fisheries Sector in Sol. Is July-August, 2017 Conducted study in Central, Isabel & Guadalcanal/Honiara) Overall aim of study: To support gender mainstreaming across key policies and legislation under the mandate of the National Ministry of Fisheries & Marine Resources What the outcome of initiative will be used for? - To support the implementation of SPC’s program “Improving fisheries food security and sustainable livelihood for the Pacific Island Countries”

14. Key findings Tulagi, Central Island Province – market vendors Fishing is seen as men’s main activity Women (at least, 2 or 3) do fish but, most are more engaged in selling garden products/baked food at the market – one of the ways in which women support their husbands to earn money Decision making: Varies between households and depends on activities/issues that concerns or is important to a family – there’s negotiation & consensus rather than the importance of a man/woman dominating a decision Today both men and women are involved in fishing/gardening due to commitments e.g. school fees

15. Conti.. 2. Buala, Isabel Province – fish sellers Men and women fish however, it is viewed that women do not fish like the men Fish buyers buy fish from local fishers (men & women) Re-selling of fish and fish & chips are key activities which men and women are both, involved in – to earn an income Decision making is shared or done by both, husband & wife 3. Guadalcanal + Honiara market – fish sellers Men & women sell fish for income (as this is their business) Women travel to market to sell fish products whilst husbands take a rest from a night fishing trips

16. Conti.. Other women travel to market to sell fish products whilst husbands take a rest from a night fishing trips Decision making: For most respondents, dec.making (on money) is done at the household level whereas, others (2 out of 7) makes decision by themselves since are the heads of house Honiara market Two types of people selling fish ‘originals’ and ‘middle man’, referred to as ‘black market sellers’ Esky fish mainly comes from Western, Russell & Isabel Provinces

17. Institutional Analysis – provincial & National Political commitment to gender mainstreaming Technical capacity Organizational culture and accountability Financial resources

18. WorldFish Publications & Resources Foods and diets of communities involved in inland AQ in Malaita, Sol.Is https://www.worldfishcenter.org/content/foods-and-diets-communities-involved-inland-aquaculture-malaita-province-solomon-islands-0 Planning a nutrition-sensitive approach to AAS research in Sol.Is https://www.worldfishcenter.org/content/planning-nutrition-sensitive-approach-aquatic-agricultural-systems-research-solomon-islands Nearshore FADs for food security in Sol.Is https://www.worldfishcenter.org/content/nearshore-fish-aggregating-devices-fads-food-security-solomon-islands Community-based fisheries management in Sol.Is https://www.worldfishcenter.org/story/community-based-fisheries-management-solomon-islands Engaging women and men in CBRM processes in Sol.Is https://www.worldfishcenter.org/content/engaging-women-and-men-community-based-resource-management-processes-solomon-islands Considering gender: Practical guidance for rural development initiatives in Sol.Is https://www.worldfishcenter.org/content/considering-gender-practical-guidance-rural-development-initiatives-solomon-islands

19. Helen M Teioli H.Teioli@cgiar.org