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Metabolism-20

Metabolism-20. Proteins are broken down to what in the cell?. Answer. Free Amino Acids Back. Metabolism-40. Insulin causes an ___________in protein synthesis; while glucagon causes an __________. Answer. Increase : Decrease Back. Metabolism-60.

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Metabolism-20

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  1. Metabolism-20 Proteins are broken down to what in the cell?

  2. Answer Free Amino Acids Back

  3. Metabolism-40 Insulin causes an ___________in protein synthesis; while glucagon causes an __________

  4. Answer Increase : Decrease Back

  5. Metabolism-60 In what form is nitrogen excreted in the urinarynitrogen excretion?

  6. Answer UREA Back

  7. Metabolism-80 What is transamination and which form of Vitamin B does it require?

  8. Answer Transfer of an NH2 group from one amino acid to another; requires vitamin B6 Back

  9. Metabolism-100 Describe PKU

  10. Answer “phenylketonuria (PKU)” • PKU; 1 in 15,000 babies • Hydroxylation of phenylalanine normally forms tyrosine • Tyrosine important in adrenaline, noradrenaline, thyroxine and melanin synthesis • In PKU: • Phenylalanine builds up Can cause mental retardation Condition inherited from parents (genetic) • A block in the production of tyrosine from phenylalanine • Back

  11. Assessing Needs-20 What is an imbalance when feeding proteins?

  12. Answer A deficiency in one or more amino acid(s) Back

  13. Assessing Needs-40 Definition of biological value

  14. Answer The ability of a specific dietary protein to supply amino acids in the relative amounts required for protein synthesis by body tissues Back

  15. Assessing Needs-60 The rate of protein deposition in growing animals is limited by quantity and quality of dietary protein and what else??

  16. Answer Energy Intake Back

  17. Assessing Needs-80 What is a limiting amino acid and what is the first limiting one?

  18. Answer The amino acids present in the diet that are present in the lowest concentration while still maintaining the animals requirements. When these run out the genetic potential is impacted. LYSINE Back

  19. Assessing Needs-100 What are two examples of PEM (describe them too)

  20. Answer Kwashiorkar-Typical protein deficiency seen among children in less-developed countries Also seen among elderly population Because of edema, this status is confused for being well nourished, since they do not look emaciated Also seen in patients with a high level of stress due to infections, burns, surgeries Symptoms : edema in the abdomen and enlarged liver Marasmus-Typically occurs in children 6-18 months Chronic protein and energy restriction Look emaciated (skin and bones) Inadequate energy intake for extended period of time Use stored fat After fat depletion, dietary protein used Finally, wasting of muscles Impairment in brain function and learning capacity Back

  21. Fat Soluble-20 What are the fat soluble vitamins?

  22. Answer A, D, E, and K Back

  23. Fat-40 Which form of Vitamin A can be converted to other forms?

  24. Answer Retinol Back

  25. Fat-60 What are the two Vitamin D deficient diseases in adults? Describe them please!

  26. Answer • Osteomalacia-adult form of rickets • Softening of bones • Osteoporosis- porous bones • Loss of vitamin D with decreasing age Back

  27. Fat-80 Two forms of Vitamin K that are relatively non toxic

  28. Answer Phylloquinone and menaquinone Back

  29. Fat-100 What are the chemical names of the fat soluble vitamins?

  30. Answer • Vitamin A D2 D3 E K • Chemical name Retinol Ergocalciferol Cholecalciferol Tocopherol Phylloquinone Back

  31. Water-20 Is acute toxicity likely with water soluble vitmains…why or why not

  32. Answer NO, the body excretes the excess Back

  33. Water-40 What was the first vitamin to be discovered and what does it prevent in humans?

  34. Answer Thiamine- prevents Beri-Beri Back

  35. Water-60 What are the two main dietary forms of Niacin?

  36. Answer NAD and NADP Back

  37. Water-80 Which B vitamins are Hematopoietic?

  38. Answer • Folic Acid • B12 • B6 • Pantothenic Acid Back

  39. Water-100 What are the chemical names of all the water soluble vitamins?

  40. Answer • Vitamin B complex B1 B2 B3 B5 B6 B12 B8 B9 C • Chemical Name Thiamin Riboflavin Nicotinamide (niacin) Pantothenic acid Pyridoxine Cyanocobalamin Biotin Folacin (folic acid) Choline Ascorbic acid Back

  41. Minerals-20 How are minerals excreted? And secreted?

  42. Answer • Excreted- urine and feces • Secreted- sweat (Na+ and Cl) Back

  43. Minerals-40 What are the general functions of Minerals?

  44. Answer • Involved in the structure of hormones, vitamins and other compounds • Involved in acid-base and water balance • Component or activator of enzymes and compounds involved in biochemical reactions Back

  45. DOUBLE JEOPARDY

  46. Minerals-60 What are the macro minerals?

  47. Answer Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Potassium, Chloride, Sodium Back

  48. Minerals-80 Cretinism is caused by what?

  49. Answer An extreme Iodine deficiency Back

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