1. Effects of Opiate on Gene Expressions of Healthy and Cancerous Human Cells-its Implication with Malathion Contamination Caroline Hsiao

2. Abstract Previous studies have shown that morphine has the capabilities to both promote and inhibit tumor growth. The key factor that establishes the fine line between the two opposite occurrences is the concentration of the morphine being administered. The objective of this study was to determine the differences of the expression of certain genes at low concentrations of morphine in both healthy and cancerous cells. Data from a DNA microarray was analyzed on SpotFire Decision Site to identify the varying expressions of key genes that are involved in nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). After healthy white blood cells and U937 cancer cells were exposed to physiological levels of morphine, two of these genes were discovered to be up-regulated in healthy cells and down-regulated in cancer cells, a significant distinction that could lead to implications of cancer detection and possibly alternate treatment. In addition to SpotFire data analysis, a follow-up experiment was conducted to examine the effects of morphine on healthy hemocytes treated with malathion. The results of the experiment showed a significant correlation between Malathion and the control groups when comparing form factor. Further experimentation showed that malathion mimics morphine's effect on hemocytes; this was proven by blocking its effect with Naloxone and L-name. Since opiate and nicotinic signaling systems are very similar in invertebrates and human cells, our results indicate that Malathion may affect tumor development via opiate and nicotinic signaling. The impact of Malathion on environment and human health should be further studied.

3. Need http://www.vahealth.org/cdpc/CancerPrevention/mortality.htm http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=11259&page=8

4. Knowledge Base: • Morphine: • Malathion: • Form Factor: measure of a cell’s roundness over one. • Shows:

5. Literature Review

6. Purpose • The purpose of this experiment is to reevaluate the effects of malathion on normal healthy cell form factor • H(a): The form factor of cells treated with Malathion will be significantly higher than that of the control group’s form factor. • H(0): The form factor of cells treated with Malathion will have no statistical difference from control cell form factor. Hypothesis:

7. Results

8. Results

9. Discussion

10. Conclusion

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