Maximizing Learning Through Research-Based Lesson Design and Cognitive Strategies

1. Designing a Researched Based Lesson TPAC

2. Learning theories Cognitivism Developed to document and analyze how humans store and internally process information by connecting symbols in a memorable way of new knowledge to past knowledge • Learner transfers information through sensory input to long term memory • Learner demonstrate knowledge in diverse contexts • Children become more sophisticated thinkers • Encode information • Incorporate teacher feedback to improve performance • Construct cognitive strategy to address content/problem

3. Learning theories Behaviorism The source of the behavior is environmental or external stimulus and focuses on positive reinforcement (a stimulus response relationship) • Learner acquires skills by applying explanations • Instruction utilizes consequence and reinforcement of learned behaviors • Learners acquires skills of discrimination by recalling facts • Learner acquire skills of generalization (defining and illustrating concepts • Learners acquires skill of changing (automatically performing a specified procedure)

4. Learning theories Constructivism Cultural relevance is important and the teacher encourages students to constantly assess how to gain knowledge (Inquiry) • The learner is able to converse, question, explain, and negotiate meaning • The process of assimilation and accommodation becomes self organizing behaviors of the part of the learner • The learner creates own meanings by being challenged into processes of accommodations in order to construct understandings of new ideas • The learner has opportunities for social interactions in learning contexts, so as to benefit from common cultural knowledge • The learner has opportunities to verify and sustain their current cognitive understandings through activities which allow them to use their existing knowledge in useful and beneficial ways

5. Marzano’s 9 Strategies

6. Similarities and differences • Provide direct instruction while maintaining rich discussion • Provide independent practice • Use graphic and symbolic forms • Venn Diagram Chart

7. Summarizing and note taking • Analyze information at a deeper level • Students understanding deepens when using summary frames as a tool for summarizing • Improves reading comprehension •  Use teacher prepared notes how students what are important and model note taking • Both linguistic and nonlinguistic including webs, sketches, and informal outlines • Students review and revise own notes while they construct a stronger meaning