Overview of Deliverable 1 Definition

1. Overview of Results session Tuesday 24 March 2009 Overview of Deliverable 1Definition Editor Group of Deliverable 1: Yoh Somemura, (NTT), Chairman Takeshi Origuchi, (NTT), Editor Richard Price (BT), Co-editor Noriyuki Nakayama (NEC), Co-editor Catalina McGregor (UK), Co-editor Geir Leirvik (Juniper Networks), Co-editor Hossam Allam (CEDARE), Co-editor Jean Manuel Canet (France Telecom Group), Co-editor International Telecommunication Union

2. Scope and Goal of Deliverable 1 Terms of Reference concerning to Deliverable 1 • The FG, based on existing terms and definitions used in ITU, should: • • identify the terms and definitions (including units) needed to analyze the three major relationships between ICTs and Climate Change; • • identify differences between existing terms and definitions; • • develop and propose new definitions where necessary (gaps). Objective and Goal of D1 (C66 from WG-A Chairman) The scope of the deliverable 1 is to define relevant terminology and principles using each deliverables in order to eliminate pointless discussion arising from differences in understanding of them. Appropriate Terms, abbreviations, references, and principles that are used in FG ICT&CC are to be listed and defined in this deliverable. Terminology that should be clarified in ITU-T is to be organised without duplication or contradiction. The direction of this deliverable is to establish common basis for discussion. Direction of discussion: Pointless arguments arising from differences in understanding of terminology are eliminated. Principles and rules need to be clarified. International Telecommunication Union

3. To be synchronized with D2 Table of Contents for D1 Text 1.1 Climate Change 1.2 Information and Communication Technology 1.3 Definitions related to energy and links between energy and climate change 1.4 Definitions related to climate change impact assessment 1.5 Definitions related to relationship between climate change and economic aspects 1.6 Definitions related to energy efficiency of ICT 2.1General Principles 2.2Positive impacts of ICT to reduce GHG emissions 2.3Negative impacts of ICT 2.4Rebound effect Appendix 1 : View on ongoing standardization work Appendix 2 : Glossary International Telecommunication Union

4. Terminology List 1.1 Climate Change • Atmosphere • Carbon footprint • Climate • Climate change • Greenhouse effect • Greenhouse gas • Carbon dioxide (CO2) • Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) • Methane (CH4) • Nitrous oxide (N2O) • Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) • Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) • Global Warming Potential (GWP) • CO2-equivalent concentration • CO2-equivalent emission • Emissions International Telecommunication Union

5. 1.2 Information and Communication Technology Information and Communication technology covers the collection of technologies and equipment that deal specifically with processing, storing, and communicating information of all kinds, whether voice, data or multimedia, including all types of computers and communication systems. For the purposes of this report, Information and Communication Technology covers : • Computers, desktops, laptops, notebooks, PDAs and peripherals: workstations; laptops; desktops and peripherals such as monitors and printers and printing consumables, scanners, CCTV, cables • Software: all kind of software including operating systems, backup / archival, database management, finance, network management … • Digital content: music, press, radio, TV, video games … • IT services: data centres and their component servers; storage facilities, building facilities, cooling facilities • Information Systems and Telecommunication networks and devices: network infrastructure components; More detailed definitions are: - the SANCHO database (available in English, Spanish, French) - the document 029-E from ITU-T titled : Draft definitions: Key telecommunication/ICT indicators. International Telecommunication Union

6. Terminology List 1.3 Definitions related to energy and links between energy and climate change • Energy • Generation of energy • Renewable energy • Watt Kilowatt-hour • Joule • CO2 emissions and electricity : International Telecommunication Union Fig. CO2 emission intensity

7. Terminology List 1.4. Definitions related to climate change impact assessment Direct GHG emissions • Electricity indirect GHG emissions • Other indirect GHG emissions • Direct impact • Indirect impact • Life Cycle assessment • Functional Unit (in a Life Cycle Assessment • Comparative assertion in Life Cycle Assessment International Telecommunication Union Fig. Example of a product system for LCA

8. Terminology List 1.5 Definitions related to relationship between climate change and economic aspects • Emission trajectories • Externality / External cost / External benefit • Feed-in tariff • Fossil fuels • Free Rider • Fuel cell • Fuel switching • Full-cost pricing • Green accounting • Implementation • Joint Implementation (JI) • Kyoto Mechanisms • Kyoto Protocol • Market-based regulation • Market distortions and imperfections • Market equilibrium • Revenues / equivalent CO2 emitted • Sinks • Social cost of carbon (SCC) • Adaptation • Annex I countries • Annex II countries • Annex B countries • Carbon price • Cap • Certified Emission Reduction Unit (CER) • Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) • Co-benefits • Co-generation • Cost • Cost-benefit analysis • Cost-effectiveness analysis • Crediting period • Deposit-refund system • Emission factor • Emission permit • Emission quota • Emissions Reduction Unit (ERU) • Emission standard • Emissions trading International Telecommunication Union

9. 1.6 Definitions related to energy efficiency of ICT Terminology List • Energy Consumption Rating (ECR) ECR = Ef/Tf (expressed in Watts per Gbps) Tf = maximum throughput (Gbps) achieved in the measurement Ef = energy consumption (Watts) measured during running test • ECRW = ((α x Ef) + (β x Eh) + (γ x Ei)) / Tf (dimensionless) Tf = maximum throughput (Gbps) achieved in the measurement Ef = energy consumption (Watts) measured during running test “Step 1”. Eh = energy consumption (Watts) measured during test “Step 2”. Ei = energy consumption (Watts) measured during test “Step 3”. α, β, γ = weight coefficients to reflect the mixed mode of operation International Telecommunication Union

10. Energy consumption reduction Energy consumption through the use of ICTs Reduction effect of energy consumption by utilizing ICTs ＝ － Basic Concept 2.1 General Principles Energy consumption reduction effects through utilizing ICT International Telecommunication Union

11. 2.2 Positive impacts of ICT to reduce GHG emissions Terminology List • Energy consumption reduction through the use of ICTs • Reduction in GHG emissions from reduced energy and resource consumption by utilizing ICT • Consumption of goods / dematerialization • Energy consumption • Distributed Energy Generation • Movement of people • Movement of goods • Improved efficiency of office space • Storage of goods • Improved work efficiency • Waste International Telecommunication Union

12. 2.2 Negative impacts of ICT • Increased GHG Emissions from the Entire ICT Lifecycle It includes resources and energy consumed in the process, such as the production and installation of ICT devices and networks, electric power consumed in their use stage, and energy consumed in the process of their disposal and recycling. International Telecommunication Union

13. 2.3 Rebound effect For some services brought by ICT such as telework or videoconferencing, the time gained for an end-user when using the telecom service may cause some additional usages – telecom or physical - which are difficult to track. These additional usages can be defined as “rebound effect”. Research is currently on this topic. International Telecommunication Union