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Gene, MicroArray and GA s

Explore the fascinating world of genetics, microarrays, and genetic algorithms at the KanGAL laboratory, IIT Kanpur. This overview covers essential topics, including the definition of genes, the significance of studying them, and the revolutionary technology of microarrays that allows for the analysis of multiple genes simultaneously. Discover how these technologies aid in understanding gene expression in various biological contexts and the role of genetic algorithms in modeling gene regulatory networks. Gain insights into the complexities of gene functionality and their implications in health and disease.

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Gene, MicroArray and GA s

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  1. Gene, MicroArray and GAs Ashish Anand Kanpur Genetic Algorithms Laboratory (KanGAL) IIT Kanpur

  2. Overview • What are Genes ? • Why study Genes ? • What is MicroArray ? • How it is Helping ? • Where does GA comes ?

  3. What are Genes ? • Alphabet of 4 letters [A T G C] , called nucleotide bases • DNA • Sequences of ATGC • Double stranded, helical structure • Complementary Properties of Alphabets E.g. A T G C C | | | | | T A C G G • Gene : Nothing but DNA sequence

  4. Why Study Gene ? • Central Dogma of Biology DNA mRNA Protein • mRNA : Sequence of 4 letters [A U G C] • Protein : Sequence of 20 Amino Acids • Gene Encodes Proteins • Regulates functioning of whole system

  5. What is MicroArray ? • A small glass slide or nylon substrates • Each small square represents 1 gene • Uses Complementary Property of DNA sequence • A technology to study large no of Genes in one GO • Gives quantitative measure of Gene Expression

  6. MicroArray : Contd. • Many Technologies • Two Color Vs One Color • Affymetrix widely used

  7. How MicroArray is Helping? • An idea of changed expression levels of genes in • Treated/Disease/Mutant/Knock-out Vs Untreated/Normal/Wild-type • Different Tissues/Cells • Different Developmental Stages • Co-expressed Genes gives an idea of Gene Regulatory Network • Functional roles of different genes and their participation in different cellular and biological processes. • Diagnosis of disease like different cancer types

  8. Where Does GA comes – Few Examples • Classification Problems • Modeling of Gene Regulatory Network

  9. Thank you

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