Chapter 2: Utah’s Geology

1. Chapter 2: Utah’s Geology The Ice Age

2. This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it properly! Bell Activity • Read page 36-37, answer the questions on the back of the tan paper, also answer questions 19-24 on your study guide. • If you finish these questions early, work on the rest of your study guide. It is homework unless you find time during school to get it done!! • Where should your backpack be?

3. Social Studies Objective – We will be able to explain what the environment of Utah was like during the Ice Age and how that time period affects us today. Behavior Objective – Courtesy & Respect: Your behavior does not cause a problem for others or for yourself. Language Objective – We will listen to the presentation and use the information we gather to write an essay outline. Today we will be learning about…

4. Posters • As long as your poster has all the information it should, you can design it how you want. • For those of us who like a little guidance, here is what your first poster might look like…

5. Cenozoic Era • We will watch a short video about the era, then read a short description of it, and finally, talk about what happened in Utah at this time.

6. Cenozoic Part 2

7. Hadean 17.5% Archaen 28.5% Proterozoic 42% Paleozoic 7% Mesozoic 4% Cenozoic 1% Percentage of Time:Deep time demonstration Let’s see how much of Earth’s geologic history was taken up by this era. If we converted the whole history of the earth into a timeline 5 feet long, how much of line would the Cenozoic Era take up. (Math!!! 60 inches x 17.5% = _______ inches)

8. Let’s work Most 5 cool events important or facts written in complete sentences picture 3+ cool living What is organisms happening in and a picture Utah? Of them • Read with your group about the era in your folders. • Choose the five most important events of the era. • Choose the event you think was the most important and explain why it was. • Then fill out the section about cool organisms of the era.

9. Utah is an environment that has been shaped by many natural forces.

10. The Ice Age • The last major event that shaped the world, and Utah, occurred 10,000-20,000 years ago. • At this time the world was engulfed in an ice age.

11. Ice Age Ice Age Ice Age Ice Age 22° 12° 17° Quaternary Ice Ages Throughout Geologic Time Figure modified after C.R. Scotese PALEOMAP Project (www.scotese.com) Average Global Temperature (0C)

12. Glacier Maximum • Over thousands of years the ice grew, covering much of present day North America. • Then about 18,000 years ago, the massive glaciers began to recede.

13. The Ice Agein Utah • Although the ice sheets did not cover Utah, there is evidence of the ice age all across the state. • Glaciers were prevalent in the mountains. • When they receded they left basins filled with water. • These basins are an important source of water and recreation in the state.

14. Tony Grove • At Tony Grove in Logan Canyon, there is evidence everywhere of a glacier being present and shaping the land.

15. Glacial Erratics Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota Denali National Park, Alaska Person

16. Glacial Polish and Grooves Grooves and polish on bedrock Glacier National Park, Montana Striations

17. Erratics & Scouring • Boulders are scattered around the land leading to the lake. • The rocks around the lake have deep scrapes from heavy ice and boulders rubbing the surface.

18. Holgate Glacier, Alaska

19. Lake in a U-valley • The valley the lake is in is called a cirque. • The rock amphitheatre around the lake was carved by the thick snow and ice. • Other lakes in the area were formed in the same way.

20. Wellsville Mountains • You can also see evidence of glaciers in the mountains that surround Cache Valley. • The benches are also evidence of an ice age. Glacial Cirque

21. Lake Bonneville and Ice Coverage in Utah During the Late Pleistocene~18,000 years ago Lake Bonneville Uinta Mountains Wasatch Range

22. The Rise and Fall of Lake Bonneville Provo Level 17,000 years ago Great Salt Lake today Bonneville Level 18,000 years ago Gilbert Level 12,000 years ago Hydrograph of Lake Bonneville Stansbury Level 24,000 years ago

23. Great Salt LakeToday Red Rock Pass ID NV UT Ogden Salt Lake Provo Nephi Delta

24. Bonneville Salt Flats Bonneville Shoreline Provo Shoreline Salt

25. BonnevilleShoreline Red Rock Pass ID NV UT Ogden Salt Lake Provo Nephi Delta ~18,000 years ago Point of the Mountain

26. Shorelines of Lake Bonneville at Antelope Island Bonneville Provo Unnamed shoreline Stansbury Gilbert Unnamed shoreline

27. Bonneville Shoreline at Point of the Mountain Paragliders

28. Stockton Bar, Utah Kiawah Island, South Carolina Lake Bonneville Barrier Bar and Spit Modern Barrier Bar and Spit

29. Lake BonnevilleDeep-Water Sediments Sedimentlayers fromLakeBonneville

30. Bonneville Cutthroat Trout Today are isolated in streams that once drained into Lake Bonneville. Known Distribution

31. The Lake Bonneville flood • At Red Rock pass in Idaho, the waters of Lake Bonneville broke through a barrier of land and the resulting flood carved much of the Snake River valley. • Over the course of several weeks, the lake drained to the Provo level.

32. Shorelines of Lake Bonneville at Antelope Island Bonneville Provo Unnamed shoreline Stansbury Gilbert Unnamed shoreline

33. Life in Utah at the end of the Ice Age

34. Utah’s Giant Ice Age Birds Teratornis- “giant condor” Endangered California Condor Teratornis skeleton Teratornis skull

35. Ice Age Elephants Mammoth Mastodon The Huntington Mammoth (Mammathus columbi) skeleton at the CEU Prehistoric Museum Detail from Joseph S. Venus mural, College of Eastern Utah (CEU) Prehistoric Museum, Price, Utah

36. Mammoth & Elephants vs. Mastodons Elephants and mammoths have high skulls, while mastodons have low skulls. Columbian Mammoth (M. columbi) American Mastodon (Mammut americanum) Elephants and mammoths have low, highly enfolded teeth for grazing, while mastodons have high crested teeth for browsing leaves. Elephants and mammoths are tall, while mastodons are shorter with more massive bodies.

37. Saber-toothed Cat Smilodonfatalis Skeletal reconstruction and detail from Joseph S. Venus mural, CEU Prehistoric Museum, Price, Utah

38. Giant Ground Sloth Skeletal reconstruction and detail from Joseph S. Venus mural, CEU Prehistoric Museum, Price, Utah

39. Other Extinct Ice Age Mammals Extinct Long-Horned Bison Extinct Musk Ox Camels, together with native horses, went extinct in North America at the end of the Ice Age

40. Ice Age Land Bridges and Mammal Migrations

41. American Lion Ice Age Animal – Size Comparisons Sabertooth Cat Mammoth

42. These and other animals went extinct at the end of the ice age. Giant Armadillo • Many people have tried to explain why, but (just like with the dinosaurs) there are many theories that are plausible. • One of them involves new comers on to the scene in Utah…humans.

43. Let’s work Check your work for completeness and accuracy.

44. Essay practice: Let’s use what we have just learned to create an essay outline.

45. Now try it for yourself.

46. This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it properly! Bell Activity • Read page 35 and answer questions 16-19 on your study guide. • If you finish these questions early, work on the rest of your study guide. It is homework unless you find time during school to get it done!! • Where should your backpack be?