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Hour 2 - How can personality be structured in terms of traits and how can traits be assessed?

Personality II. Hour 2 - How can personality be structured in terms of traits and how can traits be assessed?. Structured tests MMPI, CPI, Q-Sort, etc. Trait theories Surface traits and source traits Cattell’s profile Eyesenck’s scheme The “Big Five”.

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Hour 2 - How can personality be structured in terms of traits and how can traits be assessed?

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  1. Personality II Hour 2 - How can personality be structured in terms of traits and how can traits be assessed? • Structured tests • MMPI, CPI, Q-Sort, etc. • Trait theories • Surface traits and source traits • Cattell’s profile • Eyesenck’s scheme • The “Big Five”

  2. Examples of structured tests developed for use with a clinical population. • Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory • (MMPI) Examples of structured tests developed for use with a normal population. • California Personality Inventory (CPI) • Q Sort

  3. Clinically significant range Hypochondriasis (concern with body symptoms) Depression (pessimism, hopelessness) Hysteria (uses symptoms to solve problems) Psychopathic deviancy (disregard for social standards) Paranoia (delusions, suspiciousness) Psychasthenia (worried, guilt feelings) Schizophrenia (withdrawn, bizarre thoughts) Hypomania (overactive, excited,impulsive) Social introversion (shy, inhibited) 30 40 50 60 70 80 Standard score Example of a MMPI-2 test profile of a depressed patient before and after treatment: Before treatment Aftertreatment

  4. Surface behaviors Surface traits Vigorously defends unpopular positions in class discus-sions Writes scathing letters to the news-paper editor Argues a lot with friends “Argumentativeness” “Belligerence” “Competitiveness” “Aggressiveness” Source trait

  5. Low High 1 Warm 2 Intelligent 3 Emotionally stable 4 Dominant 5 Cheerful 6 Conscientious Bold 7 Sensitive 8 9 Suspicious Imaginative 10 Shrewd 11 Guilt prone 12 13 Experimenting Self-sufficient 14 Self-disciplined 15 16 Tense 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

  6. See also Gleitman, p. 599. UNSTABLE Moody Anxious Rigid Sober Pessimistic Unreserved Unsociable Quiet Touchy Restless Aggressive Excitable Changeable Impulsive Optimistic Active EXTROVERTED INTROVERTED Passive Careful Thoughtful Peaceful Controlled Reliable Even-tempered Calm Sociable Outgoing Talkative Responsive Easygoing Lively Carefree Leadership STABLE

  7. Degree of nervous system arousal Optimal level low high Degree of environmental stimulation Physiological basis of extroversion-introversion Introvert Extrovert

  8. Trait-source traits Description-surface traits O C E A N The “Big Five” (See Gleitman, p. 597-598) pennessto experience Imaginative vs. practical Preference for variety vs. preference for routine Independent vs. conforming onscientiousness Organized vs. disorganized Careful vs. careless Disciplined vs. impulsive xtroversion Sociable vs. retiring Fun-loving vs. sober Affectionate vs. reserved greeableness Soft-hearted vs. ruthless Trusting vs. suspicious Helpful vs. uncooperative euroticism Calm vs. anxious Secure vs. insecure Self-satisfied vs. self-pitying

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