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Enhancing Food Access through Urban Planning Strategies

This teleconference, led by Kimberley Hodgson from the American Planning Association, focuses on the intersection of urban planning and food accessibility. It addresses how local government policies and comprehensive plans can improve community food systems. The discussion includes prioritizing community health, assessing food access, and implementing regulations to support urban agriculture. Aimed at planners and health professionals, this session elaborates on the role of partnerships, public engagement, and strategic planning in fostering healthier food environments within communities.

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Enhancing Food Access through Urban Planning Strategies

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  1. Planning for Food Access CDC Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity & Obesity Teleconference November 19, 2009 Kimberley Hodgson, MURP, MS, RD Manager, Planning & Community Health Research Center American Planning Association khodgson@planning.org

  2. American Planning Association • Non-profit, professional membership & education organization • Over 44,000 members • Advocates & encourages good planning practices http://www.planning.org

  3. Planning & Community Health Research Center Mission • Integrate community health issues into every stage and phase of urban and regional planning practice. http://www.planning.org/nationalcenters/health

  4. Planning & Community Health Research Center Priority Areas: • Physical activity and active living • Access to healthy food • Aging population and people with disabilities • Community design • Schools • Environmental justice and social equity • Environmental health • Future planners and health professionals http://www.planning.org/nationalcenters/health

  5. Learning Objectives • Explain how urban planning related policies can influence the community food system. • Describe the role of the local comprehensive plan in improving food access at the local government level. • List 3 planning-related regulations that can be used to preserve community gardens and other forms of urban agriculture.

  6. Community Planning & Food Access • Types • Number • Location • Proximity

  7. Changing the Food Environment • Partnerships & Consensus Building • Visioning & Goal Setting • Assessments • Plan-Making • Regulations • Site Design & Development • Public investment

  8. COMMUNITY FOOD SYSTEM ASSESSMENT • Inventory, assessment and analysis of selected community food system characteristics

  9. Greater Philadelphia Food System Study • Conducted by Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission • Evaluation and analysis of the regional food supply • Stakeholders • Agricultural resources • Production trends • Natural resource constraints • Origins and destinations of food imports and exports • Economic significance of the food economy. Source: http://www.dvrpc.org/Food/FoodSystemStudy.htm

  10. Source: http://www.dvrpc.org/Food/FoodSystemStudy.htm

  11. PLAN-MAKING • Comprehensive or general plan • Strategic plans • Sub-area plans • Functional plans

  12. The comprehensive plan • Required by state statute (in most states) • 10-30 year vision • Goals, action items, and policies for the future of a community • Social, economic and environmental topical areas • Legal foundation for local level regulations, policies and ordinances • Public and private decisions that affect the long-range future of a community

  13. The comprehensive plan (cont.) • Mandatory Elements • Transportation • Housing • Land Use • Natural Resources • Optional Elements • Economic Development • Parks & Open Space • Water & Air Quality • Health • Agriculture • Food

  14. Comprehensive plan-making process Image Source: http://www.cityofrichmondgeneralplan.org/docManager/1000000775/00_Introduction.pdf

  15. Plan-making for food access • Community food access issues • Public engagement and education • Community goals & objectives • Action steps & policies • Long-term health of the community

  16. Source: http://www.kingcounty.gov/property/permits/codes/growth/CompPlan.aspx

  17. Goal Examples

  18. Goal Examples (cont.)

  19. Source: http://www.migcom.com/projects/view/3

  20. Source: http://www.cityofrichmondgeneralplan.org/Content/10020/preview.html

  21. Source: http://www.cityofrichmondgeneralplan.org/Content/10020/preview.html

  22. Source: http://www.cityofrichmondgeneralplan.org/Content/10020/preview.html

  23. Source: http://www.cityofrichmondgeneralplan.org/Content/10020/preview.html

  24. Source: http://www.cityofrichmondgeneralplan.org/Content/10020/preview.html

  25. Source: http://www.cityofrichmondgeneralplan.org/Content/10020/preview.html

  26. Source: http://www.cityofrichmondgeneralplan.org/Content/10020/preview.html

  27. Source: http://www.co.marin.ca.us/depts/cd/main/fm/cwpdocs/CWP_CD2.pdf

  28. Source: http://www.ci.baltimore.md.us/government/planning/sustainability/

  29. REGULATIONS • Development regulations • Design guidelines and standards • Financial incentives and policies

  30. Zoning • Divides land into different land use categories which determine how the land can be used: • Specifies what can or cannot be built on the land:

  31. Source: http://citymaps10.phila.gov/ZoningOverlay/ and http://www.zoningmatters.org/facts/districts

  32. Zoning for Food Access | Used-Based Zoning • Use-Based Zoning Regulations • Permit location of healthy food outlets • Conditionally permit or restrict certain food outlets • Prohibit unhealthy food outlets

  33. Zoning for Food Access | Other Zoning Regs • Other Zoning Regulations • Incentive Zoning • Performance Zoning • Interim Zoning • Restrictive Covenants

  34. Zoning for Healthy Food Retail • New York, NY • Chicago, IL

  35. NYC Food Retail Expansion to Support Health Source: http://www.nyc.gov/html/misc/html/2009/fresh.shtml

  36. 6,000 sq ft retail space | 30% perishable foods | 8% fresh produce NYC FRESH Criteria • Who is eligible? • What are the requirements to become a FRESH store? • Why become a FRESH store? What are the incentives? Grocery Store Operators | Developers

  37. NYC FRESH Zoning Incentives • Additional floor space • Taller buildings • Less parking

  38. NYC FRESH Financial Incentives • Real Estate Tax Reductions • Sales Tax Exemption • Mortgage Recording Tax Deferral

  39. Limiting Restrictive Covenants | Chicago • Prevent competitors from using land • Limits new store development • Reduces access to fresh, affordable food • Contributes to neighborhood blight Source: http://www.metroplanning.org/articleDetail.asp?objectID=2935

  40. Source: http://www.metroplanning.org/cmadocs/Restrictive_covenants_issue_brief.pdf

  41. Zoning for Urban Agriculture • Boston, MA • Minneapolis, MN • Ann Arbor, MI • Chattanooga, TN

  42. Zoning for Unhealthy Food • Ban • Concord, MA; San Francisco, CA; Newport, RI; Carlsbad, Calistoga, and Solvang, CA • Cap • Berkeley, CA • Distance • Arden Hills, MN • Moratorium • Los Angeles, CA

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