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ICTs for climate change mitigation

ICT, climate change & development workshop Johannesburg (Jan. 23-24, 2012). ICTs for climate change mitigation. Richard Labelle Independent ICT4D Consultant rlab@sympatico.ca Twitter.com/rlabelle. Objectives.

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ICTs for climate change mitigation

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  1. ICT, climate change & development workshop Johannesburg (Jan. 23-24, 2012) ICTs for climate change mitigation Richard Labelle Independent ICT4D Consultant rlab@sympatico.ca Twitter.com/rlabelle

  2. Objectives • To present the case for ICTs to mitigate climate change with a focus on the developing world • To identify opportunities • To discuss strategic options going forward

  3. Four noteworthy trends … • The (continued) rise of the humans • Increases in people, wealth and intellectual resources (brain power), leading to a …. • …. rise of demand • Increased demand for energy, food & natural resources resulting in accelerated …. • … increasing climate change & environmental impacts • … the rise of the machines (ICTs).

  4. Global change & climate (1) • Climate change is a real threat • Fossil fuel emissions tracking surface warming – the priority • Emissions from land use growing more slowly • C sinks in ocean and on land are at risk • Earth processes at risk

  5. World primary energy demandby IEA scenario

  6. Predicted global energy use in CMO under 4 different scenarios [1] Crane, H.D., E. M. Kinderman & R. Malhotra. 2010. A cubic mile of oil. Realities and options for averting the looming global energy crisis. Oxford University Press, New York, 297 pp. http://www.oup.com/us/companion.websites/9780195325546/?view=usa

  7. Energy related CO2 emissions by IEA scenario

  8. IPCC Projections of surface warming as a result of increasing GHG emissions [1] [IPCC. 2007. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC. Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K. and Reisinger, A. (Eds.). IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. pp 104. http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_ipcc_fourth_assessment_report_synthesis_report.htm

  9. Proportion of energy expressed in CMO from different primary sources (2006 data) [1] Crane, H.D., E. M. Kinderman & R. Malhotra. 2010. A cubic mile of oil. Realities and options for averting the looming global energy crisis. Oxford University Press, New York, 297 pp. http://www.oup.com/us/companion.websites/9780195325546/?view=usa

  10. The past contribution of energy efficiency [1] Segar, C. 2009. International energy co-operation and global energy security. International Energy Agency (IEA). Session on “Ensuring the sustainability of energy supply chain”, Conference on Strengthening Energy Security in the OSCE area, Bratislava, 6 – 7 July 2009. PowerPoint presentation. http://www.osce.org/documents/eea/2009/07/38666_en.pdf

  11. Energy efficiency will have major role to play in achieving low C future (IEA) [1] IEA. 2010. World Energy Outlook 2010. N. Tanaka, Executive Director, IEA, Beijing, 17 Nov. 2010. PowerPoint presentation. 35 slides. http://www.energy.eu/publications/weo_2010-China.pdf

  12. Mitigation opportunities • Reducing GHG emissions from all stages of the ICT life cycle • and especially during their production, use and disposal • Making greater using ICTs to mitigate vegetation related emissions • through the greater use of ICT based earth observation and management systems and networks • Encouraging the development and adoption of ICT based enabling technologies • to reduce GHG emissions.

  13. ICTs enhance efficiency & facilitate conservation by (1): • Process efficiency • Doing things fast • Use less energy  emit less C • Connecting everything & everyone: • Instrumenting objects and places around us: • The Internet of Things • Empowering people to act • Measuring everything (& everyone!): • The Internet of Things • More info on energy use

  14. ICTs enhance efficiency & facilitate conservation by (2): • Controlling everything • Smart controls • Connect & control all motors & energy consumption (embedded controls) • More options to reduce consumption: smart motors, lighting, grid, buildings, logistics /transport & cities

  15. The negative impact of ICTs on GHG emissions • Energy consumption from using ICTs • About 2-3 % of total emissions, growing to 6 % • Same as aviation industry • PCs & peripherals • Telecoms infrastructure • Data centres • ICT use is increasing and so are GHG emissions from ICTs

  16. The enabling effect of ICTs (GeSI : Global e-Sustainability Initiative) [1] The Climate group and GeSI. 2008. Smart 2020: Enabling the low carbon economy in the information age. 87 pp. http://www.smart2020.org/

  17. The use of ICTs by the Green Belt Movement (Kenya)

  18. ICTs & related trends & innovations (1) • Digitization & dematerialization • Microprocessors • ARM vs Intel • Handhelds vs desk/lap tops • Internet diffusion • IPv6 • Broadband • Cloud computing

  19. A sample telepresence session [1] [

  20. ICTs & related trends & innovations (2) • Nanotechnology & micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) • Wireless & mobile device uptake • Web 2.0 & 3.0 • Agenda 21 redux: Everyone is a user and provider of content (information) • Innovations in display technology • Gorilla glass, Dragontrail, etc.  massive increase in display surface area • Screens everywhere

  21. ICT & related trends & innovations(3) • The Internet of Things (IOT) • Everything and everywhere connected • Sensor technology • Sensor networks • Social networking • Improved & greener batteries • GIS & visualization technologies such as building information modeling (BIM)

  22. Machine to machine (M2M) communications – a WSN variant Beacham Research. 2009. M2M world of connected services. The Internet of Things. http://www.beechamresearch.com/Downloads.aspx . Beecham`s Sector Map shows segmentation of M2M Market in new semi-circular format, including 9 key Service Sectors, key Applications Groups within Sectors, and examples of Connected Devices within each Sector. Overall, Beecham Research tracks over 300 different device types.

  23. ICTs for earth observation • Remote sensing: • Disaster risk reduction (flooding, etc.) • Generates massive amounts of data • Data available through Cloud / Grid (GEOSS, etc.) • Wireless sensor networks • The Internet of Things • Connected smart sensors gathering data at earth’s surface (& below!)

  24. How to measure ICT impacts – the need for standards • ITU working on standards for environmental impact assessment (EIA) of ICTs • Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group (TSAG) • ITU Study Group 5 (SG-5) • Standards for measuring impact of ICTs • Universal power adapter and charger solution for mobile terminals and other ICT devices

  25. The positive impact of ICTs on GHG emissions • ICT enabling effects • ICTs can save 5 times as much C as they consume – but likely much more • Essential for enhanced earth observation • In poorer countries and areas: • Enhance reach of services • Reduce cost of service delivery • Decreased energy use for accessing services

  26. Strategy going forward (1) • Awareness promotion: • Build the knowledge base • Best practice analysis and documentation • Case studies • Stakeholder consultations and partnership making • Identify key stakeholders and potential beneficiaries • Municipal governments, environmental groups, professional associations, the private sector, consumer groups, etc. • Consult with experts in the energy as well as the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) communities • Establish partnerships with like minded groups and organizations such as the AEC and energy communities, etc.

  27. Strategy going forward (2) • Stakeholder consultations and partnership development • Identify key stakeholders and potential beneficiaries • Municipal governments, environmental groups, professional associations, the private sector, consumer groups, etc. • Consult with experts in the energy as well as the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) communities • Establish partnerships with like minded groups and organizations such as the AEC and energy communities, etc.

  28. Strategy going forward (3) • Research priorities • Work with the energy sector and planners to develop the assessment tools and practices: • Energy audits which include smart tech audits • Rapid smart tech audit technologies: Autodesk • Develop rapid assessment technologies such as the e-Environment Readiness Index (EERI) and test and improve using pilots

  29. Strategy going forward (4) • Research priorities … • Streamlining the use of BIM in building and town design and planning • Research on the use of BIM for rural planning and development, building with natural materials, passive energy buildings, zero and positive energy buildings, etc. • BIM for low cost urban and rural housing • Tech transfer is costly, so what are benefit / costs? They could be significant: do the research

  30. Strategy going forward (5) • Research priorities … • Undertake rapid assessments such as those proposed by the use of tools such as the e-Environment Readiness Index (EERI) • Look at the use of renewables for powering ICT use off grid and ICT use for Green Growth in developing countries • Climate Innovation Center (CICs) for introducing ICT-based green technologies (InfoDev)

  31. Strategy going forward (6) • Training: • Train architects and planners on BIM as we trained people for network engineering (Cisco Academies). • Look at BIM for rural development • Train energy audit specialists, including building audit & retrofit specialists

  32. Strategy going forward (6) • Key policy issue • Energy subsidies.

  33. Related info (1) • Much of this presentation can be found in the ITU publication by Richard Labelle: “m-environment – ICTs for abating climate change and promoting Green Growth and sustainable development” which will be available online from the ITU site in the coming weeks of 2012. • The report will be published online by ITU and includes detailed references supporting all points made above.

  34. Related info (2) • A training program on ICTs for abating climate change and promoting Green Growth and sustainable development • To be offered by the UN APCICT (Asia Pacific centre for ICT Training) in Korea • As part of the Academy for ICT Essentials for Government Leaders • http://www.unapcict.org/academy • Starting Feb.22, 2011 • Will be published online: detailed report, , accompanying PPTs • Detailed PPTs have been prepared and were used in part for this presentation.

  35. Working groups • What are priorities for developing countries? • What are key issues influencing the use of ICTs for mitigation in your countries?

  36. Thank you! Richard Labelle rlabtag@gmail.com rlab@sympatico.ca Twitter.com/rlabelle

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