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Notation Analysis: Motivations, Performance, and Artistic Visualization

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  1. Motivations • Performance • Analysis • Artistic

  2. Visualization for Performance

  3. Common Notations • Modern western notation • Guitar tablature • Klavar notation • Gregorian chant notation • Byzantine chant notation

  4. Common Notations • Modern western notation • Guitar tablature • Klavar notation • Gregorian chant notation • Byzantine chant notation

  5. Common Notations • Modern western notation • Guitar tablature • Klavar notation • Gregorian chant notation • Byzantine chant notation

  6. Common Notations • Modern western notation • Guitar tablature • Klavar notation • Gregorian chant notation • Byzantine chant notation

  7. Common Notations • Modern western notation • Guitar tablature • Klavar notation • Gregorian chant notation • Byzantine chant notation

  8. Byzantine Chant Notation • Liturgical chant of Greek Orthodox Church • Used throughout Byzantine empire (330-1453) • Current use is uncommon • monophonic

  9. Byzantine Chant Notation • 72 notes in octave • Symbols indicate: • Relative pitch change • Manner in which note is sung • Duration of note • One of several modes and a start note picked initially • Microtonal variations important

  10. Development of Western Notation • Textual markup • Gregorian chant notation • Modern notation • Contemporary experimentation

  11. Neume Markup • Used in 10th and 11th centuries • Lines and curves written above text • Indicates rough melodic shape • Memory aid to singers

  12. Gregorian Chant • Developed by Guido d’ Arezzo (990-1150) • Staff + clef indicates pitch • Monophonic • More verbose, but more precise

  13. Modern Notation • Evolved from Gregorian chant • Essentially unchanged since 17th century • Evolved `organically’ • Symbolic graphical language

  14. Axes

  15. Note Symbols

  16. Rest Symbols

  17. Beaming

  18. Other Durations

  19. Duration Symbols

  20. Duration Symbols

  21. Duration Symbols

  22. Barlines

  23. The Staff

  24. Staff Color

  25. Pitch

  26. Multiple Voices

  27. Notational Flexibility

  28. Notational Flexibility

  29. Evolving Notation

  30. Contemporary

  31. Color

  32. Indeterminacy

  33. Indeterminacy

  34. General Observations • Rich symbolic vocabulary • Flexible notation • Tailored for human perception • Legacy baggage • Not intended for novices

  35. Klavar Notation • Intended for easy piano performance • Invented 1931 – sill in use • Vertical axis for time (top to bottom)

  36. Klavar Notation • Staff lines correspond to piano keys • Vertical distance gives absolute time • Duration inferred from context or with special symbol

  37. Guitar Tablature • Staff lines correspond to strings • Numbers indicate fret • Time is only roughly represented

  38. Visualization for Analysis

  39. Music Animation Machine • Shows actions of voices using animation • Intended for beginners

  40. Sonograms

  41. Examples

  42. Keysacpes • Shows results of a key-finding algorithm • Displays different window sizes and positions

  43. Examples

  44. Dotplots • Matrix of segment distances • Like an adjacency matrix of a graph

  45. Audio vs. Score

  46. Actual vs. Midi

  47. Shape of Song • Method of showing repetition within a sequence

  48. Showing Repetition

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