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3MED666 Consolidation Quiz 2008

3MED666 Consolidation Quiz 2008. Patrick Kimmitt. Question 1. Compare the clinical symptoms of genital infections with chlamydia and gonorrhoea. Question 2. What are the host factors which makes a person in hospital more susceptible to an infection?. Question 3.

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3MED666 Consolidation Quiz 2008

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  1. 3MED666 Consolidation Quiz 2008 Patrick Kimmitt

  2. Question 1 • Compare the clinical symptoms of genital infections with chlamydia and gonorrhoea

  3. Question 2 • What are the host factors which makes a person in hospital more susceptible to an infection?

  4. Question 3 • What diagnostic tests are available for gonorrhoea and give a disadvantage of each?

  5. Question 4 • Why does the use of medical devices predispose to infection?

  6. Question 5 • Describe the lifecycle of Chlamydia trachomatis – whycan’t artificial culture be used to grow this pathogen?

  7. Question 6 • What is the difference between a primary and an opportunistic pathogen?

  8. Question 7 • What serotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis are sexually transmitted?

  9. Question 8 • What are the potential sources of pathogens when in hospital?

  10. Question 9 • What are the results of a Gram reaction and oxidase test for Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

  11. Question 10 • What is the most common nosocomial infection and what are the three most common causes of death due to nosocomial infection?

  12. Question 11 • What methods are available for the diagnosis of chlamydia infection?

  13. Question 12 • What is the phenotype shown by bacteria carrying the gene mecA?

  14. Question 13 • What is a chancre?

  15. Question 14 • Why is washing with alcohol gels not sufficient to prevent nosocomial infections?

  16. Question 15 • Why is culture not used in the diagnosis of syphilis? What two methods are used instead?

  17. Question 16 • What are the two most common mechanisms of transmission of nosocomial infections?

  18. Question 17 • Give an example of a specific and non-specific serological test for syphilis?

  19. Question 18 • What is the role of infection control teams?

  20. Question 19 • How would you interpret the results of these serological tests for syphilis? • VDRL positive • TPPA positive • ELISA positive - IgM

  21. Question 20 • Why is surveillance of infectious diseases important? Give an example of a typing method

  22. Answer 1 • Compare the clinical symptoms of genital infections with chlamydia and gonorrhoea • Quite similar, both often asymptomatic especially in females – if not there may be a urethral/vaginal discharge with pain on micturation. Rarely, systemic infection may occur and lead to arthritis

  23. Answer 2 • What are the host factors which makes a person in hospital more susceptible to an infection? • Poor general resistance to infection, lack of immunity (many reasons), reduced local resistance, wounds or surgery allowing access by pathogens, use of medical devices

  24. Answer 3 • What diagnostic tests are available for gonorrhoea and give a disadvantage of each? • Direct microscopy – insensitive • Culture – slow • Molecular methods - expensive

  25. Answer 4 • Why does the use of medical devices predispose to infection? • Organisms can gain access to areas within the body and can form biofilms on the surface of the device which are resistant to treatment and from which the pathogen can spread

  26. Answer 5 • Describe the lifecycle of Chlamydia trachomatis – whycan’t artificial culture be used to grow this pathogen? • Infectious particle is the EB, differentiates into RB in endocytic vacuole – DNA replication and generation of many EBs which are released. Chlamydia has an absolute requirement for a host cell to complete its lifecycle

  27. Answer 6 • What is the difference between a primary and an opportunistic pathogen? • Primary pathogens are always associated with infection – opportunistic pathogens don’t cause infection in healthy people. Must be immunocompromised or the pathogen must gain access to sites not normally colonised by microbes

  28. Answer 7 • What serotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis are sexually transmitted? • Serotypes D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K (plus L1,L2 and L3 which cause LGV)

  29. Answer 8 • What are the potential sources of pathogens when in hospital? • Own normal flora (endogenous) • Infected patients • Traffic of staff and visitors • Environment • Blood products • Surgical instruments

  30. Answer 9 • What are the results of a Gram reaction and oxidase test for Neisseria gonorrhoeae? • Gram negative diplococcus, Oxidase positive

  31. Answer 10 • What is the most common nosocomial infection and what are the three most common causes of death due to nosocomial infection? • Most common – UTI • Most common causes of death - septicaemia, pneumonia, surgical site infections

  32. Answer 11 • What methods are available for the diagnosis of chlamydia infection? • Immunofluoresence • Cell culture • ELISA • Molecular methods e.g. PCR, SDA

  33. Answer 12 • What is the phenotype shown by bacteria carrying the gene mecA? • Methicillin resistance

  34. Answer 13 • What is a chancre? • The lesion of primary syphilis

  35. Answer 14 • Why is washing with alcohol gels not sufficient to prevent nosocomial infections? • C. difficile forms spores and these are resistant to alcohol

  36. Answer 15 • Why is culture not used in the diagnosis of syphilis? What two methods are used instead? • Syphilis cannot be grown in artificial culture – use dark ground microscopy and serology instead

  37. Answer 16 • What are the two most common mechanisms of transmission of nosocomial infections? • Contact (direct and indirect) • Airborne

  38. Answer 17 • Give an example of a specific and non-specific serological test for syphilis? • Non-specific – VDRL and RPR • Specific – TPPA, ELISA, FTA (Abs)

  39. Answer 18 • What is the role of infection control teams? • Education and training • Development and dissemination of infection control policy • Monitoring and audit of hygiene • Clinical audit

  40. Answer 19 • How would you interpret the results of these serological tests for syphilis? • VDRL positive • TPPA positive • ELISA positive – IgM • Recent/ Active syphilis infection

  41. Answer 20 • Why is surveillance of infectious diseases important? Give an example of a typing method • Used to identify new “problems” • Used to identify where resources are most needed • Used to determine the burden of disease • Used for strategic planning and policies • Use surveillance for measuring outcomes of intervention strategies • Examples – phage typing, serotyping, colicine typing, biotyping PFGE, RFLP etc

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