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The Transformation of New Netherland into New York: Early Colonial History

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12 diapositives · 256 Views · Jul 13, 2014

This chapter explores the establishment of New Netherland, claimed by Henry Hudson for the Dutch in pursuit of a Northwest Passage. It details the founding of New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island, the slow growth of the colony, and the arrival of the Swedish settlers driven by the fur trade. It further discusses the takeover by James, Duke of York, which led to the renaming of New Amsterdam to New York and the establishment of a proprietary colony under his governance. The chapter concludes with the founding of Pennsylvania by William Penn as a beacon of religious freedom.

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  1. Chapter 5 Section 4 The Middle Colonies

  2. New Netherland Becomes New York • Henry Hudson claims land along Hudson River for the Dutch • Looking for the Northwest Passage • Easier trade route to Asia than sailing around Africa

  3. The Beginning of New Netherland • Dutch West India Company sets up New Netherland • A trading colony (1621) • 30 families settle here • New Amsterdam • Center of the colony located on Manhattan Island • Peter Minuit pays Native Americans $24 for the island

  4. The Beginning of New Netherland • New Netherland grows slowly • People had no reason to come here • Recruiting settlers • Welcomed all people who fled for religion • Patroons • People who gained land from bringing 50 new settlers to this area • Riverfront property • Ran their estates as they chose; own laws

  5. New Sweden Established • Swedish came because of the fur trade • Dutch saw New Sweden as a trade threat • Peter Stuyvesant seized the colony • Swedish were very skilled at logging • Log Cabins became the colonies main type of houses

  6. A New English King Takes Over • Civil War in England • Parliament Puritans vs. Charles I supporters • King Charles I is beheaded • Puritans rule the country for 11 years • King Charles II takes over • Popular • Wants all of the Atlantic coast in the Americas

  7. A New English King Takes Over • James, Duke of York • Sent to seize Dutch colony in America • Four English warships anchor at New Amsterdam • Governor Stuyvesant tells colonists to fight back • New Netherland surrenders without a fight • Renamed New York to honor James

  8. Colonial Government • Charles II made James proprietor of New York • Owner of the colony • Proprietary colony • Awarded to one person by the king • Dutch got to keep their religion, lands, and customs • Religious freedom to all • Colonists had no say in government

  9. New Jersey • New York land to big to manage • James gives land to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret • Kept New York’s religious freedom policy • Developed separately until 1702 • They became a royal colony

  10. William Penn’s Colonies • Home to the Quakers • Believed all people were equal in the eyes of god • Angered authorities • Refused to take oaths • Allowed women to speak in meetings • Opposed war, would not serve in the army • Refused to pay taxes • Did not believe in slavery

  11. The Founding of Pennsylvania • King gave Penn land to repay a loan that Penn’s father once gave him • Name Pennsylvania • Meaning “Penn’s Woods” to honor his father • Government based on religious freedom • Paid NA $ for land • Attracted Germans fleeing religious wars • Known as the Pennsylvania Dutch • Able to keep their customs

  12. Delaware • Pennsylvania had no seaports for trading • Penn receives a grant from James for 3 counties along the Delaware River for trading purposes • Uniting the two was difficult • Delaware could elect their own assembly • Penn was governor • Counties later break away and form their own colony, Delaware