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Paleozoic Era Invertebrates

Paleozoic Era Invertebrates. Chapter 12 Part 2. Cambrian. Cambrian explosion Burgess Shale Trilobites, brachiopods, archaeocyathids Sauk Sea regression. Ordovician. Tippecanoe sequence Warm climate New environments. Ordovician sea floor. New diversity of fauna with shells.

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Paleozoic Era Invertebrates

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  1. Paleozoic Era Invertebrates Chapter 12 Part 2

  2. Cambrian • Cambrian explosion • Burgess Shale • Trilobites, brachiopods, archaeocyathids • Sauk Sea regression

  3. Ordovician • Tippecanoe sequence • Warm climate • New environments

  4. Ordovician sea floor • New diversity of fauna with shells

  5. Ordovician Acritarchs • Phytoplankton

  6. Ordovician reef builders • Bryozoan • Colonial, benthonic, sessile suspension feeders

  7. Ordovician reef builders • Bryozoan • Colonial, benthonic, sessile, suspension feeders

  8. Ordovician reef builders: corals

  9. Ordovician reef builders: corals

  10. New Ordovician animals • Brachiopod with hinged shells • Articulate brachiopod • Benthonic suspension feeder

  11. Ordovician • Class: cephalopod • Subclass: nautiloid • Simple sutures between chambers

  12. Ordovician class: cephalopod • Subclass: nautiloid • Simple sutures between chamber

  13. Ordovician class: cephalopod • Simple sutures • Straight & curved shell • Up to 30 feet long • Major predator

  14. Ordovician class: cephalopod • With rise of cephalopods, trilobites decline • Remaining species w/ specialized protection

  15. Ordovician mass extinction • 60% of marine invertebrates extinct • Reefs decimated • 2nd worst extinction • 100 families ended

  16. Ordovician mass extinction • Victims were tropical • Replacements: deep and cold water adapted • Cause?

  17. Post-extinction • Recovery and diversification • Brachs., bryozoans, corals recover in Silurian

  18. Silurian and Devonian • Reefs doing well • Lots of corals

  19. Silurian & Devonian • Eurypterids abundant • “Sea scorpions” • Top predator

  20. Other Silurian eventsColymbosathon ecplecticos • Oldest penis in the fossil record

  21. Other Silurian events • Oldest insect found by jaw • Jaw found only on flying insects • Insects some of first animals on land?

  22. Devonian • Class: cephalopod • Subclass: ammonoids • Related to nautiloids • Nautiloids: simple sutures • Ammonoids: complex sutures

  23. Devonian • Class: cephalopod • Subclass: ammonoids • Related to nautiloids • Nautiloids: simple sutures • Ammonoids: complex sutures

  24. Carboniferous • Reefs dominated by crinoids

  25. Crinoids • “sea lilies” • Related to sea starts and sea urchins • Benthonic, suspension feeders • Meters long • Carboniferous limestone full of these

  26. Crinoids • “sea lilies” • Related to sea starts and sea urchins • Benthonic, suspension feeders • Meters long • Carboniferous limestone full of these

  27. Paleozoic critters • Reef builders • Bryozoans • Corals • Brachiopods • inarticulate • articulate • Cepahlopods • nautiloids • ammonoids • Crinoids

  28. Permian extinction • Greatest mass extinction • Gone: • 50% of marine invertebrate families • 90% of marine invertebrate species • 65% amphibians/ reptiles • 33% insects

  29. Permian extinction • Greatest mass extinction • Gone: • 50% of marine invertebrate families • 90% of marine invertebrate species • 65% amphibians/ reptiles • 33% insects

  30. Permian extinction • Global cooling? • Evidence of warming at end of Permian • Change in ocean chemistry? • Land animals affected too

  31. Permian extinction • Meteorite impact? • Impact site in Australia • Big enough to cause largest extinction?

  32. Permian extinction • Loss of habitable shallow marine areas? • Pangaea mostly formed before extinction

  33. Permian extinction • Increase in CO2 levels • Lead to global warming • Major anoxic event • How to raise CO2 levels? • Massive volcanic eruptions in Siberia • Release of methane from sea floor • Sea level drops, organic matter oxidizes (rots) and rotting sucks up oxygen

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