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The International Response to Terrorism

The International Response to Terrorism. Lecture Plan. Definition of terrorism The interstate legal reaction to terrorism Peaceful responses Forcible responses. Definition of Terrorism.

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The International Response to Terrorism

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  1. The International Response to Terrorism

  2. Lecture Plan • Definition of terrorism • The interstate legal reaction to terrorism • Peaceful responses • Forcible responses

  3. Definition of Terrorism “Criminal acts intended or calculated to provoke a state of terror in the general public, a group of persons or particular person for political purposes are in any circumstance unjustifiable, whatever the consideration of a political, philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or any other nature that may be invoked to justify them” UN GA Resolution 49/60 of 9 December 1994 (adopted by consensus)

  4. The Interstate Legal Responses to Terrorism • Peaceful • Coercive • Hierarchy between types of responses

  5. Peaceful Responses • Treaties on terrorism: 1970 Hague Convention (hijacking aircraft); 1971 Montreal Convention (sabotaging aircraft); 1973 New York Convention (acts against ‘internationally protected persons’); 1979 New York Convention (taking hostages); 1988 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation (piracy and armed robbery at sea); 1997 on terrorist bombing 1999 on financing terrorism

  6. Peaceful Responses to Terrorism UN Security Council Resolutions, e.g.: SC Res. 748/1992 Lockerbie Case; SC Res. 1373/2001 following the attacks of 11 September 2001 against the USA

  7. Forcible Responses What are the international rules governing forcible responses? • Self-defence (attacks against terrorist organisations; atacks against states hosting or supporting terrorists) • Collective security? • Non-intervention into domestic affairs?

  8. Forcible Responses – State Practice • Afghanistan – 7 October 2001 –”Operation Enduring Freedom’ • Syria, 2003 • Lockerbie case • Osama bin Laden Case

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