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Technology Briefing

2. Technology Briefing. Information Systems Software. Learning Objectives. Learning Objectives. Key IS Software Components. Software Programs Sets of instructions Allow the hardware components in the computer system to communicate Two basic types: Systems Software/Operating System

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Technology Briefing

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  1. 2 Technology Briefing Information Systems Software Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  2. Learning Objectives Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  3. Learning Objectives Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  4. Key IS Software Components • Software • Programs • Sets of instructions • Allow the hardware components in the computer system to communicate • Two basic types: • Systems Software/Operating System • Application Software Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  5. Systems Software • Controls the basic operations of computer hardware • Common functions: • Booting • Reading programs into memory • Managing program and file storage • Maintaining the structure of directories • Formatting disks • Controlling the computer monitor • Sending documents to the printer Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  6. Operating System • Coordinates: • peripherals • application software • users • Also used in embedded devices • Written in assembly language • Performs day-to-day operations Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  7. The OS Acts as a Manager Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  8. Interfaces: Command vs. GUI • Provided by operating system • Interface Types: • Command-based interface • Menu interface • list of options • Graphical user interface (GUI) Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  9. Graphical User Interface • Examples: • Windows Vista • Mac OS X Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  10. Common Operating Systems Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  11. Utility Programs • Manage computer resources and files • Examples: • Backup • Data compression • Antivirus • Media players Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  12. Learning Objectives Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  13. Application Software • For performing specific user tasks • Writing a business letter • Processing payroll • Two Types • Customized (proprietary) software • Developed specifically by or for a particular organization • Commercial software • Purchased off the shelf Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  14. Customized Application Software • Software developed “in-house” • Advantages: • Customizability • A kiosk in a retail store to help shoppers • Problem specificity – the company pays only for specific features • Unique types of required reports Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  15. Off-the-Shelf Application Software • A.K.A. packaged software • Support common business processes • Advantages: • Less costly • Faster to produce • Higher quality • Less risky • Customized and off-the-shelf applications can be combined Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  16. Examples of IS Application Software Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  17. Productivity Software • Word Processor • MS Word, OpenOffice Writer • Spreadsheet • MS Excel, OpenOffice Calc • Database management • MS Access, OpenOffice BASE • Presentation Software • MS PowerPoint, OpenOffice Impress Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  18. Productivity Software (II) • Email • MS Outlook, Mozilla Thunderbird • Web browser • MS Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox • Chat • MS Live Messenger, Yahoo! Messenger • Calendar and contact management • Lotus Notes, MS Outlook Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  19. Open-Source Software • Source code is freely available for • use and/or • modification • Examples: • Operating systems – Linux • Web browsers – Firefox • Secure connection standard – OpenSSL • Personal productivity software – OpenOffice Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  20. OSI Certification • Author of source code cannot collect royalties • Source code accessible to users • Modifications under original name allowed • No one denied access to program • Rights attached to program must not depend on it being part of a particular software distribution • Software cannot place restrictions on other software that is distributed with it Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  21. Learning Objectives Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  22. Programming Language • Used to write application programs • Examples: • BASIC • C/C++ • COBOL • HTML • Java • Program code must be translated into machine language Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  23. Compilers and Interpreters • Software designed to translate programming languages into machine code • Compilers – convert entire program source code at once • Programs are compiled before being sold to customers Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  24. Interpreters • Interpreter – reads, translates and executes one line of source code at a time during operation • Each statement is converted and executed “on the fly” Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  25. Programming Languages • Generations of Programming Languages • 1GL (1940s) – machine language (binary) • 2GL (1950s) – symbolic languages • 3GL (Mid 1950s) – English-like words • 4GL (1970s) – Outcome oriented • 5GL – Natural languages Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  26. Fourth-Generation Languages • Outcome-oriented language • Example: SQL Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  27. Fifth Generation Languages • Called natural languages • Communication in true English • Used with artificial intelligence (AI) • Example: Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  28. Object-Oriented Languages • High-level programming languages • Event-driven • Key features: • Objects • Encapsulation • Inheritance Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  29. Visual Languages • Visual Languages • Designed for programming applications that will have a GUI Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  30. Web Development Languages • Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) • Specifies format of web pages • Uses tags Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  31. HTML Example • Find a webpage you like • View the source • Examine code Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  32. HTML Source Code Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  33. Adding Dynamic Content to a Webpage • HTML used for layout • To add dynamic content, additional tools are needed • Java • Microsoft.NET • Web services • Scripting languages • Open-source tools • Macromedia flash Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  34. Java and Microsoft.NET • Java • Developed by Sun Microsystems in early 1990s • Used for dynamic content • Applets • Microsoft.NET • Can be used on a variety of platforms and devices • Family of Languages • C# • VB.NET • etc. Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  35. Web Services • Web-based software systems • Integrate different applications • Aggregate content • Use XML • Create markup tags • Build database queries Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  36. Advantages of Web Services • Interoperability between different applications on different operating systems • Integration and sharing of software and services from different companies • Reuse of components • Easily distributed Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  37. Scripting Languages • Scripts run directly in HTML • Often used to check accuracy of information entered • Common scripting languages: • VBScript • JavaScript • Created by Netscape • Cross-platform • Different from Java Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  38. Open-Source Tools • PHP • Produce dynamic Web content • MySQL • Multiuser DBMS • Over 6 million customers Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  39. Macromedia Flash • Macromedia Flash • Animation and video • Displayed using the Adobe Flash player • Can be data-driven • Web services Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  40. Automated Development Environments • Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) • Used to design and implement systems • Automate activities throughout systems development process • E.g., design screen prototypes, generate code • Reduces errors Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  41. Example: Use of Case Tools • High-level system design diagram Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

  42. Automated Development Environments • Types of CASE Tools • Diagramming tools • Screen and report generators • Analysis tools • Repository • Documentation generators • Code generators Information Systems Today: Managing in the Digital World

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