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PHYSICS Frequency (Hertz) Amplitude (Decibels)

PSYCHO Pitch ( Mels ) Loudness ( Sones ). PHYSICS Frequency (Hertz) Amplitude (Decibels). PSYCHO Pitch ( Mels ) Loudness ( Sones ). PHYSICS Frequency (Hertz) Amplitude (Decibels). If a tree falls in the forest and no one is there to hear it, will it make a sound?.

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PHYSICS Frequency (Hertz) Amplitude (Decibels)

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  1. PSYCHO Pitch (Mels) Loudness (Sones) PHYSICS Frequency (Hertz) Amplitude (Decibels)

  2. PSYCHO Pitch (Mels) Loudness (Sones) PHYSICS Frequency (Hertz) Amplitude (Decibels) If a tree falls in the forest and no one is there to hear it, will it make a sound? Human Psychoacoustics shows ‘tuning’ for frequencies of speech

  3. Air Simple Sounds (A Pure Tone) What do ‘speakers’ do?

  4. Complex Sounds

  5. Complex Sounds

  6. Fourier Analysis • Most Complex Sounds Are Composites of Multiple ‘Simple’ Frequencies • Fundamentals and Harmonics • Sound Complexity: Perceived ‘psychologically’ as TIMBRE (soundquality). Timbre is a function of the number, intensity, and duration of harmonicfrequencies associated with a complex sound ‘simple’ sound wave ‘complex’ sound wave

  7. Fundamental (pitch) + + + + = Harmonics (timbre) Fourier Analysis of a Complex Sound Wave Is there an easier way to see this?

  8. Fourier Analysis 2500 Hz 2000 Hz 1500 Hz 1000 Hz 500 Hz Frequency Spectrogram (linear scale) Trumpet 4 3 kHz 2 1 0 Time

  9. Fourier Analysis 1000 Hz 500 Hz Frequency Spectrogram (linear scale) Flute 4 3 kHz 2 1 0 Time Are You Ready For Some. . .

  10. + + + + = FourierSynthesis: 5 values encode the waveform (high quality) Requires multi-voice (multi-frequency) synthesizer In this example, a ‘5-voice’ synthesizer would be needed Low sample rate Med sample rate or = Digital (CD) Audio: 2 values encode the waveform (very low quality) 18 values encode the waveform (med quality)

  11. + = + + + FourierSynthesis: Modeling an ‘acoustic’ instrument However, since each frequency is produced independently, harmonic frequencies can be manipulated directly to create completely new timbres not possible with acoustic instruments: the birth of techno! + + = + + Amplitude modulation of high freq harmonic

  12. Fourier Analysis Frequency Spectrogram 2500 Hz Synth 4 2000 Hz 3 kHz 2 1500 Hz 1 0 1000 Hz Time 500 Hz

  13. Guess who else does amplitude modulation of harmonics? The ‘raw’ complex sound waves for each vowel sound A E I O U Fourier Analysis breaks each complex sound wave into individual frequency components

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