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The Causes of the American Civil War 1850 - 1860

The Causes of the American Civil War 1850 - 1860. Unit 5 - An Era of Change and Disunion Mrs. Baker RUSH. U.S. Territorial Expansion. Result of Manifest Destiny. Exposed the sectional divide between the North and the South over the issue of…. Slavery.

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The Causes of the American Civil War 1850 - 1860

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  1. The Causes of the American Civil War1850 - 1860 Unit 5 - An Era of Change and Disunion Mrs. Baker RUSH

  2. U.S. Territorial Expansion

  3. Result of Manifest Destiny • Exposed the sectional divide between the North and the South over the issue of… Slavery

  4. Review:The Missouri Compromise of 1820 What are the 3 compromises of the Missouri Compromise

  5. Differences between North and South:Sectional Divide Significance???

  6. The Great Constitutional Debate:The Slavery Issue Northern Views Southern Views • Northerners seeking the end of slavery used past precedent to defend their argument including: • Congressional power over territories • Northwest Ordinance • Missouri Compromise • Based on earlier Constitutional compromises, slavery should be permitted in new territories • Claimed slavery was legal because: • Congress had no authority to stop expansion of slavery • Constitutional duty to protect slavery

  7. The Wilmot Proviso:A Failed Attempt Reading Activity: Read Introduction & Wilmot Raises the Issue… (129 – 130) • What was Wilmot’s proposal for all new land acquired in the Mexican War? • What was the result of the proposal? • Identify the 4 resolutions identified. • How did the debate end? Why is this important?

  8. Timeline of the Events of 1850

  9. California:More Issues Involving Slavery • Until 1850… • Equal number of slave and free states in the Union. • South maintained balance in the Senate • In 1850… • Balanced became threatened when California applied for statehood as a FREE STATE. • President Zachary Taylor and Congress had to come up with a resolution to appease both the North and the South.

  10. The Compromise of 1850 • Four key laws were created to resolve the issue: • California entered the Union as a free state • A stricter Fugitive Slave Law • Required that escape slaves be returned to owners • Slave trade was prohibited in Washington, D.C. • Popular Sovereignty would determine whether a territory in the Mexican Cession was to be slave or free.

  11. The Compromise of 1850

  12. Results of the Compromise Settled the slave issue in the new territories for a brief while. • No one was pleased with the compromise. • Northerners engaged in civil disobedience against the Fugitive Slave Act by protesting the return of runaway slaves . Underground Railroad

  13. The Underground Railroad Harriet Tubman

  14. Harriet Beecher StoweUncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) So this is the lady who started the Civil War. ~ Abraham Lincoln • Bestselling book of the 19th century. • Over 300,000 copies were sold in the 1st year. • 2 million were sold in a decade • Sparked great opposition to slavery because of its realistic portrayal of the institution of slavery. • Many neutral Northerners began to call for emancipation after reading the book.

  15. Kansas:Slavery Above the 36’ 30 Line… Reading Activity: Read Introduction & the Kansas-Nebraska Act… (143 – 145) • Why was the Kansas-Nebraska Act controversial? • What is “popular sovereignty?” • What are five major outcomes of the Kansas-Nebraska Act? Analyzing the Role of People and Events in the Issue over Kansas.

  16. Controversy over Kansas

  17. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

  18. 1. How did the number of slave states change between 1820 and 1854? 2. How did the Kansas- Nebraska Act affect the amount of land that was open to slavery? 3. What is the significance of these changes over time in regards to the issue of slavery?

  19. The Birth of the Republican Party • A new party grew out of the reaction to the Kansas-Nebraska Act. • The party was a combination of a variety of other parties: • Northern Whigs • Northern Democrats • Free-Soilers • Know-Nothings • And other opponents of Kansas-Nebraska Act • Was founded to oppose the spread of slavery • Was a sectional party rather than a national party • Platform = “Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men”

  20. Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) Supreme Court Case Analysis • What are the origins of the case? • What was the decision of the court? • How did they explain their decision? • Why is the case important? • What is the historical impact?

  21. The Lincoln-Douglas Debates • Illinois Senatorial Election of 1858 • Democrat= Stephen A. Douglas • Author of Kansas-Nebraska Act • Republican = Abraham Lincoln • Served only one term in the House of Representatives • Candidates participated in a series of 7 debates throughout the state of Illinois. • Results: • Douglas won election but… • Influence with Southern Democrats was weakened. • Lincoln became a national political figure who opposed the extension of slavery.

  22. “A House Divided” SpeechAbraham Lincoln “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved – I do not expect the house to fall – but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other.”

  23. Extremism Increases the Sectional Divide • In 1859… • John Brown led a small group in a raid against a federal arsenal in what is now West Virginia. • Goal of the raid was to seize weapons and lead a slave uprising. • Plan was unsuccessful. • Brown was found guilty and executed for treason. • Became a Northern hero and increased the distrust between the North and the South.

  24. The Presidential Election of 1860 Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat John C. Breckenridge Southern Democrat

  25. The Election of 1860

  26. What is the key ideas being portrayed in this cartoon

  27. Secession

  28. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

  29. The Upper South Secedes while… The Union maintains Border States

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