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Gas Laws:

Gas Laws:. Pressure, Volume, and Hot Air (Sometimes people say Tolbert is full of Hot air…Nah…You don’t think that.). Basic Terminology. First lets review the terms used to describe the properties and behavior of gases. Opening thoughts…. Have you ever:. Seen a hot air balloon?.

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Gas Laws:

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  1. Gas Laws: Pressure, Volume, and Hot Air (Sometimes people say Tolbert is full of Hot air…Nah…You don’t think that.)

  2. Basic Terminology First lets review the terms used to describe the properties and behavior of gases.

  3. Opening thoughts… Have you ever: Seen a hot air balloon?

  4. Opening thoughts… Have you ever: Seen a hot air balloon? Had a soda bottle spray all over you? Baked (or eaten) a nice, fluffy cake? SBD in the back seat of the car! (Silent but deadly) These are all examples of gases at work!

  5. Properties of Gases You can predict the behavior of gases based on the following properties: Pressure Volume Amount (moles) this one another day Temperature Lets review each of these briefly…

  6. You can predict the behavior of gases based on the following properties: Pressure Volume Amount (moles) Temperature

  7. Pressure Pressure is defined as the force the gas exerts on a given area of the container in which it is contained. The SI unit for pressure is the Pascal, Pa. • If you’ve ever inflated a tire, you’ve probably made a pressure measurement in pounds (force) per square inch (area).

  8. You can predict the behavior of gases based on the following properties: Pressure Volume Amount (moles) Temperature

  9. Volume Volume is the three-dimensional space inside the container holding the gas. The SI unit for volume is the cubic meter, m3. A more common and convenient unit is the liter, L. Think of a 2-liter bottle of soda to get an idea of how big a liter is. (OK, how big two of them are…)

  10. You can predict the behavior of gases based on the following properties: Pressure Volume Amount (moles) Temperature

  11. Amount (moles) Amount of substance is tricky. The SI unit for amount of substance is the mole, mol. Since we can’t count molecules, we can convert measured mass (in kg) to the number of moles, n, using the molecular or formula weight of the gas. More on that later! By definition, one mole of a substance contains approximately 6.022 x 1023 particles of the substance. You can understand why we use mass and moles!

  12. You can predict the behavior of gases based on the following properties: Pressure Volume Amount (moles) Temperature

  13. Temperature Temperature is the measurement of heat…or how fast the particles are moving. Gases, at room temperature, have a lower boiling point than things that are liquid or solid at the same temperature. Remember: Not all substance freeze, melt or evaporate at the same temperature. Water will freeze at zero degrees Celsius. However Alcohol will not freeze at this temperature.

  14. How do they all relate? Some relationships of gases may be easy to predict. Some are more subtle.Now that we understand the factors that affect the behavior of gases, we will study how those factors interact.

  15. How do they all relate? Some relationships of gases may be easy to predict. Some are more subtle.Now that we understand the factors that affect the behavior of gases, we will study how those factors interact. Let’s go!

  16. Boyle’s Law • This law is named for Charles Boyle, who studied the relationship between pressure, p, and volume, V, in the mid-1600s. • Boyle determined that for the same amount of a gas at constant temperature, resultsin an inverse relationship:when one goes up, the other comes down. pressure volume

  17. What does Boyle’s Law mean? Suppose you have a cylinder with a piston in the top so you can change the volume. The cylinder has a gauge to measure pressure, is contained so the amount of gas is constant, and can be maintained at a constant temperature. A decrease in volume will result in increased pressure. Hard to picture? Let’s fix that!

  18. Boyle’s Law at Work… Doubling the pressure reduces the volume by half. Conversely, when the volume doubles, the pressure decreases by half.

  19. Charles’ Law volume temperature • This law is named for Jacques Charles, who studied the relationship volume, V, and temperature, T, around the turn of the 19th century. • This defines a direct relationship: With the same amount of gas he found that as the volume increases the temperature also increases. If the temperature decreases than the volume also decreases.

  20. What does Charles’ Law mean? Suppose you have that same cylinder with a piston in the top allowing volume to change, and a heating/cooling element allowing for changing temperature. The force on the piston head is constant to maintain pressure, and the cylinder is contained so the amount of gas is constant. An increase in temperature results in increased volume. Hard to picture? Let’s fix it (again)!

  21. Charles’ Law at Work… As the temperature increases, the volume increases. Conversely, when the temperature decreases, volume decreases.

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