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Introduction to Problem Solving Lecture

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kiril
22 diapositives · 467 Views · Jul 21, 2012

Introduction to Problem Solving Lecture. CSC 135 Brenda Wilson. Problem Solving. Algorithm - set of instructions for accomplishing a task unambiguous effective finite (except for continuous processing) Computer Program - algorithm suitable for execution on a computer.

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  1. Introduction to Problem SolvingLecture CSC 135 Brenda Wilson

  2. Problem Solving • Algorithm - set of instructions for accomplishing a task • unambiguous • effective • finite (except for continuous processing) • Computer Program - algorithm suitable for execution on a computer

  3. ANSI says you are a device that can perform substantial ... . What am I? Definition A machine that can accept data, process the data, at high speeds , and give the results in an acceptable form with option of saving data & results.

  4. Does not compute!! Figure the deductions Then tell me... What we have here is a failure to communicate...

  5. What does a computer understand??? 110001001110 Machine Language

  6. Compiler/ Interpreter Assembler Needs Translation!! • High-Level Languages • Pascal, C++,Ada • VisualBasic, Cobol, Fortran,etc. • Assembly Language • Machine Language

  7. Interpreter Vs. Compiler • Interpreter • translates & executes one line at a time • Compiler • translates entire program & then executes

  8. Executing a Compiled Program High Level Language Compile Object Module Build Load Module Execute

  9. Terms used to describe High Level Languages • Structured – vs. spaghetti code • Procedural – programmer driven • Event-Driven • Object-Oriented – class,attributes, etc. R.A.D.

  10. Beginning: Do You Understand? • How problem is presented: • Required Results • Given Info • Process • How Program is written: • Given Info • Perform Processing • Req.Results • Input-Process-Output

  11. Tools Used for Algorithm Development • I/O Chart -- to analyze input & output • I O Gross Pay Deductions Net Pay Names Hrly Rates Hours Wrkd

  12. Tools Used for Algorithm Development Structure Chart - to show major tasks & subtasks

  13. Module In Out Tools Used for Algorithm Development • Top Down Design: Use pseudocode or flowchart (to show how each module works) • Module Interface Table : to show how each module shares data with other modules in the program

  14. Planning an OOED application – TOE chart

  15. Sender (Programmer) good overall picture good generalizing terrible at details slow!!! Receiver (Computer) good at details fast!!! terrible at overall picture terrible at new situations & inference Programming Language : set of notations & rules for combining notations to communicate algorithms

  16. Programming Languages • Syntax - set of formal rules determining valid constructions • Semantics - rules determining precise meaning of valid constructions in the language • “Bug”

  17. Proper Grammar Whoops!! Should be a quotation not apostrophe! (Ada) Put (“Enter your name’); lblArea.caption = txtLngth.text*txtWidth.txt Whoops!! Misspelled ‘text’! (VBasic) SYNTAX...

  18. What is meant?? The chicken is ready to eat. SEMANTICS...

  19. Computer Operations • Perform arithmetic • Compare 2 pieces of information & take alternative actions • Receive & give out information • Repeat any group of these operations • Save any information for later use

  20. 5 Operations of the Computer…examples in different languages

  21. Fundamental Control Structures In Programming

  22. Challenge: An English-speaking person from Guyana, S.A. has just come to visit at your house for a few days. This person has never used a cordless phone (maybe never even used a telephone at all!!). Write down instructions for this visitor to follow to make a phone call when he/she is alone in the house. Try to not assume any prior knowledge and try to think of every thing that could happen when the person tries to make a call. (example…is there a dial tone, if not—what to do!)