Virginia Department of Environmental Quality

1. Virginia Department of Environmental Quality Office of Air Compliance Coordination Virginia Ag Summit February 9-10, 2009 Jerome Brooks (804) 698-4403

2. Energy Projects • Pyrolysis • Methane Digesters (Biogas Processing) • Gasification • Waste Combustion (Poultry Litter)

3. Air Emissions • Alternate energy fuels may actually result in higher emissions of some pollutants than use of conventional fuels. • Emissions from Waste Energy Projects may be sufficient to trigger DEQ New Source Review (NSR) Permitting.

4. Associated Air Pollutant Emissions • Nitrogen Oxides • Sulfur Oxides • Particulate Matter • Carbon Monoxide • Volatile Organic Compounds • Hydrogen Chloride • Cadmium • Mercury • Lead • Trace amounts of other Hazardous Air Pollutants

5. Example: Comparison of Poultry Litter to Other Fuels

6. Comparison of Poultry Litter Combustion to Other Fuels

7. Air Quality Impacts • Ozone Formation • Regional Haze • Nutrient Deposition • Stream Acidification • Odor

8. Odor Most of these Waste Energy Projects can create odor nuisances. Pollution from animal waste can cause respiratory problems, skin infections, nausea, and other illnesses for people living near these operations.

9. Odor Regulation Virginia’s Regulates Odor: • Virginia Air Regulation (Rule 4-2) states “no owner or other person shall cause or permit to be discharged into the atmosphere from any affected facility emissions which cause an odor objectionable to individuals of ordinary sensibility. • Upon determination that an odor violates Rule 4-2 the owner shall use such measures as approved by the board for the economically and technologically feasible control of odorous emissions.

10. Regulatory Considerations Air Permitting • All projects should be reviewed for applicability under the New Source Review (NSR) permit programs (pre-construction review) • Individual permit program • Requires application of Best Available Control Technology (BACT) • Air Quality Demonstration • Federal standards may apply

11. Objectives of the Minor Source NSR Permit Program • Assure that emissions increases from new projects protect air quality • Mitigate the impact of emissions increases through the application of air pollution control practices/ technologies

12. Waste Energy Projects that may be subject to NSR permitting include: • “Construction” or “relocation” of a new stationary source at an undeveloped site • “Modification” or “reconstruction” of a stationary source at an existing site • Includes adding a new emissions unit at an existing source

13. Permit conditions may include • Emissions limitations (lb/hr & ton/yr) • Fuel type and throughput limitations • Other operational restrictions • Control device requirements (if applicable) • Monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting • Notification requirements • Stack testing (as appropriate) • Other performance tests

14. Emission Control Requirements • Add-on controls for control of particulate, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, odor • Enclosure/containment requirements for raw material/ash storage areas • Fugitive dust control

15. Air Permit Threshold Emission RatesMinor Source (NSR) • Carbon Monoxide 100 tons per year (tpy) • Nitrogen Oxides 40 tpy • Sulfur Dioxide 40 tpy • Particulate Matter 25 tpy • Particulate Matter (PM10) 10 tpy • Volatile Organic Compounds25 tpy • Lead 0.6 tpy • Hydrogen Sulfide 9 tpy

16. Determination that a NSR Permit is Required • Permits need to be issued prior to the commencement of on-site construction activities of the emissions unit • Construction activities include the installation of equipment supports and foundations, underground piping/conduits

17. Air Compliance • Beginning construction or operation of any facility requiring an air permit to construct and operate is a violation of the Virginia Air Regulations and subject to enforcement by DEQ

18. To Request a Permit Determination • Download the state application Form 7 • http://www.deq.virginia.gov/air/justforms.html • Complete the relevant pages of the form for your particular project • Example: Pages 1-3, 4, 11, 14, 17 and 18 for boilers, IC engines, turbines • Submit the completed and signed form to the appropriate DEQ regional office • http://www.deq.virginia.gov/regions/homepage.htm

19. Basic information is needed to complete the Form 7 • General information (Pgs 1-3) • Facility name, contact information, mailing address, project dates • Information on the fuel-burning equipment (Pg 4) • max. rated heat input capacity • max. rated output (steam quantity, brake HP or electrical power • Fuel types to be used • Stack and fuels data (Pg 11) • Proposed emissions rates (Pgs 14 and 17) • Operating periods (Pg 18)

20. Emissions Estimate for the Form 7 • Site-specific data if available • Compilation of Air Pollution Emissions Factors (AP-42) http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ap42/ch02/final/c02s04.pdf

21. DEQ Regional Offices NVRO VRO PRO WCRO SCRO SWRO TRO

22. DEQ Regional Air Permit Contacts • NVRO - Terry Darton 703-583-3845 • TRO - Jane Workman 757-518-2112 • PRO - James Kyle 804-527-5047 • SCRO - Jed Brown 434-582-6210 • WCRO – Jed Brown 434-582-6210 • SWRO - Rob Feagins 276-676-4835 • VRO - Sharon Foley 540-574-7821

23. DEQ Regional Air Compliance Contacts • NVRO – David Hartshorn 703-583-3895 • TRO - Troy Breathwaite 757-518-2006 • PRO – Boots King 804-527-5036 • SCRO – Frank Adams 540-562-6773 • WCRO – Frank Adams 540-562-6773 • SWRO – Crystal Bazyk 276-676-4829 • VRO – Larry Simmons 540-574-7810