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Mars: Sources of Data from the Robotic Missions

Geography 441/541 F/19 Dr. Christine M. Rodrigue. Mars: Sources of Data from the Robotic Missions. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions. Mariner 4: 1964 flyby mission, flyby on 14 July 1965 So much for a nice, Earthlike planet

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Mars: Sources of Data from the Robotic Missions

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  1. Geography 441/541 F/19 Dr. Christine M. Rodrigue Mars: Sources of Data from the Robotic Missions C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  2. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions • Mariner 4: 1964 flyby mission, flyby on 14 July 1965 • So much for a nice, Earthlike planet • Magnetometer showed no magnetic field (team thought instrument buggy) • Occultation of spacecraft by Mars showed a really thin atmosphere • First image showed a cloud, thought impossible (maybe a lens crack) C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  3. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions • Mariner 4: 1965 flyby • So much for a nice, Earthlike planet • Craters up the wazoo: Mars looked like the Moon • First topographic maps • One dead, bleak, battered planet C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  4. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions • Mariner 6 and 7: 1969 flyby mission and first successful dual mission • Again, Mars is pretty disappointing • Both S/C flew over heavily cratered terrain over equator and South Polar area • They both missed the big volcanoes and Valles Marineris! • Dark areas were no canals • Dead, dry Mars C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  5. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions • USSR Mars 3 orbiter/lander/rover • First successful orbiter/lander combination • Orbiter achieved unintended very elliptical orbit but survived • Active 8 months (12/71 – 8/72): 60 images, many discoveries • Lander worked for 15”: sent 1 image • Rover died with lander • Again, Mars is pretty disappointing • Dead, dry Mars C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  6. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions • USSR Mars 3 orbiter/lander/rover • First-ever image from the surface of Mars C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  7. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions • USSR Mars 4 • S/C fails orbit insertion and becomes unintended flyby • It does return some pictures • Dead, dry Mars C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  8. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions • NASA Mariner 9 • First successful NASA orbiter (11/71 – 10/72) • Active for ~1 year • Arrived during huge global dust storm • Saw Olympus Mons emerge from the dust • Photomapped 100% of Mars • Still basis of Mars maps (MDIM) C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  9. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions • NASA Mariner 9 • First successful NASA orbiter • First glimpse of possible river valleys C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  10. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions • NASA Mariner 9 • First successful NASA orbiter • First image of Valles Marineris C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  11. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions • NASA Mariner 9 • First successful NASA orbiter • Imaged Phobos and Deimos C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  12. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions • USSR Mars 5 orbiter • Failure in orbit insertion • It did send back several images C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  13. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions • USSR Mars 5 orbiter • Failure in orbit insertion • It did send back several images C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  14. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions • NASA Viking 1976-1982 • Two orbiter/lander combinations: Viking 1 and 2 • Orbiter C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  15. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions • NASA Viking 1976-1982 • Two orbiter/lander combinations: Viking 1 and 2 • Color image of Olympus Mons C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  16. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions • NASA Viking 1976-1982 • Two orbiter/lander combinations: Viking 1 and 2 • Water flow from Maja Valles into Chryse flows around Dromore Crater (19.9° x -49.6°), breaking into the crater and through it C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  17. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions • NASA Viking 1976-1982 • Two orbiter/lander combinations: Viking 1 and 2 • Fractured terrain in northern plains, similar to terrestrial polygon processes only much larger • These are about 5-10 km apart C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  18. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions • NASA Viking 1976-1982 • Two orbiter/lander combinations: Viking 1 and 2 • Pedestal craters C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  19. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions • NASA Viking 1976-1982 • Two orbiter/lander combinations: Viking 1 and 2 • Lava flow from Arsia Mons 1500 km away floods older cratered landscape • Pickering Crater (-33.9° x -134.4°) in Dædalia Planum • Illustrates “crater-rating” method of relative chronology C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  20. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions • NASA Viking 1976-1982 • Two orbiter/lander combinations: Viking 1 and 2 • Cirrus clouds, bigger’n beans! C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  21. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions • NASA Viking 1976-1982 • Two orbiter/lander combinations: Viking 1 and 2 • Cyclone in northern plains C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  22. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions • NASA Viking 1976-1982 • Two orbiter/lander combinations: Viking 1 and 2 • Stereo pairs as one way to estimate elevation C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  23. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions • NASA Viking 1976-1982 • Two orbiter/lander combinations: Viking 1 and 2 • Paraná Valles in Margaritifer Sinus (-22.9° x 10.2°) • Check out the dendritic drainage! C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

  24. Mars: Data from Robotic Missions • NASA Viking 1976-1982 • Two orbiter/lander combinations: Viking 1 and 2 • Dust trapped in Kaiser Crater, in Noachis Terra (-47.2° x -19.1°) • Creates a dune field C.M. Rodrigue, 2019 Geography, CSULB

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