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Chapter Describing Motion : Velocity & Acceleration

This chapter explores key concepts in mechanics, focusing on distance, displacement, velocity, and acceleration. It outlines a practical scenario where a person walks 90 meters east and then 40 meters west, calculating the total distance walked (130 m) and the net displacement (50 m east). It further distinguishes between speed and velocity, explaining how instantaneous speed is measured at a moment in time and introduces acceleration, explaining both positive acceleration and deceleration through real-life examples like a drag racer.

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Chapter Describing Motion : Velocity & Acceleration

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  1. Chapter Describing Motion : Velocity & Acceleration

  2. Distance and Displacement

  3. Distance and Displacement Starting from origin, O a person walks 90-m east, then turns around and walks 40-m west.

  4. Distance and Displacement Starting from origin, O a person walks 90-m east, then turns around and walks 40-m west. Q: What is the total walked distance?

  5. Distance and Displacement Starting from origin, O a person walks 90-m east, then turns around and walks 40-m west. Q: What is the total walked distance? A: 130-m

  6. Distance and Displacement Starting from origin, O a person walks 90-m east, then turns around and walks 40-m west. Q: What is the total walked distance? A: 130-m Q: What is the displacement?

  7. Distance and Displacement Starting from origin, O a person walks 90-m east, then turns around and walks 40-m west. Q: What is the total walked distance? A: 130-m Q: What is the displacement? A: 50-m, due east.

  8. Displacement The displacementΔx is a vector that points from the initial position to the final position. SI Unit of Displacement: meter (m)

  9. 2.2 Speed and Velocity • Average Speed • Average Velocity • Instantaneous Velocity • Instantaneous Speed

  10. Average Speed Units for speed: m/s, MPH, kmPH.

  11. Average Velocity Units for velocity: m/s, MPH, kmPH.

  12. Instantaneous Velocity and Speed The instantaneous velocityv indicates how fast an object moves and the direction of the motion at each instant of time. The magnitude of the instantaneous velocity is called the instantaneous speed, and it is the number (with units) indicated by the speedometer.

  13. Acceleration

  14. Acceleration Units: m/s2, cm/s2

  15. Instantaneous acceleration Acceleration at a particular instant is called instantaneous acceleration.

  16. Deceleration

  17. Deceleration An object speeds up when the acceleration and velocity vectors point in the same direction.

  18. Deceleration An object speeds up when the acceleration and velocity vectors point in the same direction. Whenever the acceleration and velocity vectors have opposite directions, the object slows down and is said to be “decelerating.”

  19. Deceleration An object speeds up when the acceleration and velocity vectors point in the same direction. Whenever the acceleration and velocity vectors have opposite directions, the object slows down and is said to be “decelerating.” Example 4: A drag racer crosses the finish line, and the driver deploys a parachute and applies the brakes to slow down. The driver begins slowing down when t0 = 9.0 s and the car's velocity is v0 = +28 m/s. When t = 12.0 s, the velocity has been reduced to v = +13 m/s. What is the average acceleration of the dragster?

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