1 / 24

KEY CONCEPT Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life.

KEY CONCEPT Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life. Carbon atoms have unique bonding properties. Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms. Carbon-based molecules have three general types of structures. straight chain branched chain ring.

kkulik
Télécharger la présentation

KEY CONCEPT Carbon-based molecules are the foundation of life.

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. KEY CONCEPTCarbon-based molecules are the foundation of life.

  2. Carbon atoms have unique bonding properties. • Carbon forms covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms. • Carbon-based molecules have three general types of structures. • straight chain • branched chain • ring

  3. Many carbon-based molecules are made of many small subunits bonded together. • Monomers are the individual subunits. • Polymers are made of many monomers.

  4. Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. • Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

  5. Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. • Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. • Carbohydrates include sugars and starches. • Monosaccharides are simple sugars. • Polysaccharides include starches, cellulose, and glycogen.

  6. Polymer (starch) Starch is a polymer of glucose monomers that often has a branched structure. Polymer (cellulose) Cellulose is a polymer of glucose monomers that has a straight, rigid structure monomer • Carbohydrates can be broken down to provide energy for cells. • Some carbohydrates are part of cell structure.

  7. Some Basic Functions • Energy source for all animals and plants • Energy storage for plants and animals • Humans use Cellulose to work as a natural pipe snake SOURCES • Starchy Foods • Sugary Foods • Veggies

  8. Lipids have several different functions. • broken down as a source of energy • make up cell membranes • used to make hormones

  9. LIPIDS (4 types) • TRIGLYCERIDES • PHOSPHOLIPIDS • WAXES • HORMONES

  10. Triglycerides – Fats and Oils The Main functions of Triglycerides are: – Energy Storage •1g of fat contains nearly 2x as much energy as 1g of a polysaccharide. – Insulation (mainly sea critters) • Blubber

  11. Triglyceride • Lipids are nonpolar molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol. • Many contain carbon chains called fatty acids. • Fats and oils (triglycerides) contain fatty acids bonded to glycerol.

  12. Fats and oils have different types of fatty acids. • saturated fatty acids • unsaturated fatty acids ALL IN THE BONDS

  13. Phospholipid • Phospholipids make up all cell membranes. • Polar phosphate “head” • Nonpolar fatty acid “tails”

  14. WAXES • STRUCTURE:– 1 FA tail attached to an Alcohol • Extremely hydrophobic(water bad mmkay)– Means it is a natural protective coat found on apples and pears, but it really shines as a dehydration preventive coating for many animals like insects.

  15. HORMONES Names of hormones (steroids) tend to end in either –in(e), ron(e), -ogen (usually used for precursors) • Are created from cholesterol. – A lipid that has a 4 ring structure. – Cholesterol is found in the cell membrane acting as somewhat of a structure reinforcer. • Steroids include the sexual hormones and many non-sex linked hormones.

  16. Fun with STEROIDS ANABOLIC STEROIDS - These are synthetic types of steroids made from male testosterone. - BENEFITS: Helps to treat anemia (muscle attacking disease) Quickly builds muscle - COSTS: Roid Rage due to chemicals in brain being thrown off (HULK ANGRY!!! HULK SMASH!!!!!!) Liver damage Decreased libido or sterility (Look masculine, but have all the drive and potentency of a Ken Doll) Bloated face

  17. Tammy in 2007 Steroids anyone? Tammy Thomas -US Cycling Gold Medalist Tammy in 2001

  18. Proteins are polymers of amino acid monomers. • Twenty different amino acids are used to build proteins in organisms.

  19. Proteins are polymers of amino acid monomers. • Amino acids differ in side groups, or R groups. • Twenty different amino acids are used to build proteins in organisms.

  20. Proteins are polymers of amino acid monomers. • Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds. • Twenty different amino acids are used to build proteins in organisms. • Amino acids differ in side groups, or R groups.

  21. Some Protein Function • Builds parts of you body like muscles. • Also work as Enzymes (we will learn more when we talk about Proteins in more depth)

  22. Nucleic acids are polymers of monomers called nucleotides.

  23. nitrogen-containing molecule,called a base A phosphate group deoxyribose (sugar) • Nucleic acids are polymers of monomers called nucleotides. • Nucleotides are made of a sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.

  24. DNA RNA • Nucleic acids are polymers of monomers called nucleotides. • DNA stores genetic information. • Nucleotides are made of a sugar, phosphate group, and a nitrogen base. • RNA builds proteins.

More Related