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Chapter VI Space Environment Probing

Chapter VI Space Environment Probing. 6.2 Ground-based GNSS TEC and ionospheric applications. Content. Theory Practical analyses TEC Variations Irregularity and Bubble Geomagnetic Storm Solar Eclipse and Solar Flare Pre-earthquake Anomalies Space Seismometer Conclusion.

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Chapter VI Space Environment Probing

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  1. Chapter VI Space Environment Probing 6.2 Ground-based GNSS TEC and ionospheric applications

  2. Content • Theory • Practical analyses TEC Variations Irregularity and Bubble Geomagnetic Storm Solar Eclipse and Solar Flare Pre-earthquake Anomalies Space Seismometer • Conclusion

  3. Introduction

  4. Global Positioning System

  5. Derive the TEC from GNSS signals • Pseudo Range • Phase range lf

  6. Time Delay effect Pseudo range: Carry phase “f”

  7. 362 GPS Tracking Stations

  8. TEC variations

  9. Liu et al. (TAO, 1996)

  10. Tsai et al. (JGR, 2001)

  11. Irregularity and Bubble

  12. Shan et al. (EPS, 2000)

  13. Geomagnetic Storm

  14. Liu et al. (ASR, 1999)

  15. Solar Eclipse

  16. Tsai and Liu (JGR, 1999)

  17. Solar Flare

  18. Liu et al. (JGR, 2004)

  19. daytime dusk dawn nighttime

  20. Pre-earthquake Anomalies

  21. Liu et al. (AG, 2004)

  22. Liu et al. (GRL, 2001)

  23. Space seismometer

  24. 921 ChiChi Earthquake

  25. 921 ChiChi Earthquake 1747 UT, Mw7.6

  26. 921 1999, 1747UT

  27. Hokkaiaido Earthquake

  28. Hokkaiaido Earthquake 926 2003, 0450JST, M 8.0

  29. 1950 UT

  30. Observing Ionospheric Signatures of the Indian Ocean Tsunami triggered bythe M9.3 Sumatra Earthquake00:58:53 UT 1226, 2004 Iononami - ionospheric tsunami signatures Space Tide-Gauge (STG)

  31. The two arrival times have good agreements accordingly.

  32. Result • It is found that the tsunami waves triggered atmospheric waves near the sea surface, which then traveled upward with an average velocity of about 730m/s into the ionosphere and significantly disturbed the GPS TEC (or ionospheric electron density) within it. • The giant iononamis which have maximum heights of about 10 km, periods of 10-20 minutes, and horizontal wavelengths of about 100-200 km, travel away from the epicenter with an average horizontal speed of about 700 km/hr.

  33. Conclusion • There are worldwide about thousands of ground-based GNSS sites, which provide an excellent chance to continuously monitor ionosphere.

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