Culture Care: Diversity and universality theory

1. Dr. Madeleine Leininger Culture Care: Diversity and universality theory Created by: M. Groenendyk M. Kurlenda & H. Owen NURS 324

2. Purpose and Issues Introduction In the 1950’s Leininger discovered a lack of culturally competent “care” nursing. She viewed the lack of cultural understanding as the missing link to the variations in patient care to support compliance, healing and wellness (Leininger, 2002). Leininger, M., McFarland, M., (2002). Madeleine Leininger’s Culture Care: Diversity and universality theory. Transcultural Nursing(93-98). Location: Macgraw-hill publishing

3. Assumptions&Point of View Motivation: The lack of cultural understanding in the 1950’s was causing a lack of competence in treating those that are culturally different. Leininger officially wrote the model in her Culture Care and diversity (1991). Philosophy: In transcultural nursing, nurses must thoroughly assess the patient’s cultural background. Simultaneously, the nurse must assess his or her own cultural background to ensure that no biases will be made that will influence patient care. Influence: An understanding of different backgrounds better helps a nurse to care for her patient (Nursing Theory, 2011). Nursing theory, (2011). Madeleine Leininger. Retrieved from: http://nursing-theory.org/nursing- theorists/Madeline-Leininger.php

4. Information and Concepts MADELEINE LEININGER’S THEORY OF CULTURE CARE DIVERSITY AND UNIVERSALITY: “focusing on the discovery of human care diversities and universalities and ways to provide culturally congruent care to people (Leininger, 2006, “MADELEINE LEININGER’S THEORY OF, paRA. 1” ). Major Concepts: Care, caring, and culture (Leininger, 2009).

5. Care “abstract and concrete phenomena related to assisting, supporting, or enabling experiences or behaviors toward or for others with evident or anticipated needs to ameliorate or improve a human condition or lifeway”(Leininger, 2006) “MADELEINE LEININGER’S THEORY OF PAra. 1”).

6. Caring “the actions and activities directed toward assisting, supporting, or enabling another individual or group with evident or anticipated needs to ameliorate or improve a human condition or lifeway or to face death”( Leininger, 2006) “MADELEINE LEININGER’S THEORY OF,” Para. 2). Caring is the center of nursing practice (Leinger, 2009)

7. Culture “the learned, shared, and transmitted values, beliefs, norms, and lifeways of a particular group that guide thinking, decisions, and actions in patterned ways; encompasses several cultural and social structure dimensions: technological factors, religious and philosophical factors, kinship and social factors, political and legal factors, economic factors, educational factors, and cultural values and lifeways”(Leininger, 2006, “MADELEINE LEININGER’S THEORY OF,” Para. 3).

8. Health “a state of well-being that is culturally defined, valued, and practiced, and which reflects the ability of individuals (or groups) to perform their daily role activities in culturally expressed, beneficial, and patterned lifeways” (Leinger, 2006, “MADELEINE LEININGER’S THEORY OF,” Para. 7).

9. Nursing “practice is directed toward improving and providing culturally congruent care to people”( Leininger, 2006, “Implecations for ,” Para. 1).

10. Human Beings Human Beings cannot be seperated from their cultural background and social foundation (Leininger, 2009).

11. Enviroment “An event, experience, or situevent, situation, or particular experiences that give meaning to human expressions, interpretations, and social interactions in particular physical, ecological, sociopolitical, and/or cultural setting”(Leininger, 2006, “MADELEINE LEININGER’S THEORY OF,” Para. 6).

12. Leininger, Madeleine. (2009). In Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. Retrieved from http://0-www.credoreference.com.libcat.ferris.edu/entry/tcmd/leininger_madeleine Leininger, M. M., & McFarland, M. R. (2006). Culture care diversity and universality: A worldwide nursing theory (2nd ed.). Boston: Jones and Bartlett.Retrieved from http://0-www.credoreference.com.libcat.ferris.edu/entry.do?id=9264945#eappn1.3