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Chapter 17, part B

Chapter 17, part B. Specific Defenses of the Host: The Immune Response. The Results of Ag-Ab Binding. Figure 17.9. Antibody titer:. Is the amount of Ab in serum. Figure 17.10. Monoclonal Antibodies. Hybridomas are produced by fusing a cancer cell with an Ab-secreting plasma cells

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Chapter 17, part B

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  1. Chapter 17, part B Specific Defenses of the Host: The Immune Response

  2. The Results of Ag-Ab Binding Figure 17.9

  3. Antibody titer: • Is the amount of Ab in serum Figure 17.10

  4. Monoclonal Antibodies • Hybridomas are produced by fusing a cancer cell with an Ab-secreting plasma cells • The hybridoma cell culture is immortal and produces monoclonal Abs (Mabs) • Immunotoxins: Mabs conjugated with a toxin to target cancer cells • Chimeric Mabs: Genetically modified mice that produce Ab with a human constant region • Humanized Mabs: Mabs that are mostly human, except for mouse antigen-binding

  5. Monoclonal Antibodies Figure 17.11

  6. Immune system cells communicate via cytokines • Interleukin-1 Stimulates TH cells • Interleukin-2 Activates TH, B, TC, and NK cells • Interleukin-12 Differentiation of CD4 cells • -Interferon Increase activity of macrophages • Chemokines Cause leukocytes to move to an infection

  7. Cell-Mediated Immunity • Specialized lymphocytes, mostly T cells, respond to intracellular Ags • After differentiating in the thymus, T cells migrate to lymphoid tissue • T cells differentiate into effector T cells when stimulated by an Ag • Some effector T cells become memory cells

  8. T Cells • Helper T Cells (CD4, TH) • TH1 Activate cells related to cell-mediated immunity • TH2 Activate B cells to produce eosinophils, IgM, and IgE • Cytotoxic T Cells (CD8, TC) • Destroy target cells with perforin

  9. T Cells • Delayed Hypersensitivity T Cells (TD) • Associated with allergic reaction, transplant rejection, and tuberculin skin test • Suppressor T cells (TS) • Turn off immune response when Ag no longer present

  10. Helper T Cells Figure 17.13

  11. Cell-mediated Cytotoxicity Figure 17.14

  12. Nonspecific Cells • Activated macrophages: Macrophages stimulated by ingesting Ag or by cytokines • Natural killer cells: Lymphocytes that destroy virus-infected cells, tumor Figure 17.15

  13. T-independent Antigens B cell Figure 17.17

  14. T-independent Antigens Figure 17.16

  15. Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Figure 17.18

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