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Name the action

Name the action . Definitions to know. Adduction For example the hip adductors When they contract, they pull the thigh towards the midline of the body. Identify each of these connective tissue elements that bundle muscle tissue. 2??. 1??. 3??.

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Name the action

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  1. Name the action

  2. Definitions to know Adduction For example the hip adductors When they contract, they pull the thigh towards the midline of the body.

  3. Identify each of these connective tissue elements that bundle muscle tissue 2?? 1?? 3??

  4. Identify each of these connective tissue elements that bundle muscle tissue

  5. 1-?? 2-?? 3-??

  6. Skeletal Muscle Bundles are formed by: • epimysiumepi = upon • perimysium peri = around • endomysiumendo = within *What is the term for ?? = strong cord that connects muscle with the bone (periosteum)

  7. Skeletal Muscle Bundles are formed by: • epimysium epi = upon • perimysium peri = around • endomysium endo = within all continuous with the TENDON “mysium” = presence of muscle *Tendon = strong cord that connects muscle with the bone (periosteum)

  8. 1-?? 2-??

  9. Epimysium • “upon” • Coarse sheath covers muscle and holds fasicles in place • Lubricating surface for muscles to rub 

  10. Endomysium • “within” the muscle – connective tissue membrane that covers muscle fibers • Maintains the chemical environment that muscle cells need to contract 

  11. Perimysium • “around” • Tougher connective envelope that binds groups of muscle fingers together (= fascicle) • Fascicle is under independent control of a motor neuron 

  12. Question 2: What is the aponeurosis?

  13. Tendons Band-like Aponeurosis- flat sheet –like attachment of tendon to bone- CT of one muscle merges with another muscle

  14. Statement 3 Know these terms and how they interrelate: • Prime mover • Synergist • Fixator • antagonists

  15. Interactions of Skeletal Muscles in the Body Muscles usually work in groups  group action Prime mover (=agonist), Antagonist, Synergist, Fixator Muscles can swap roles depending on the motion Muscles are usually arranged in antagonistic pairs • (1)???- decreases the angle between bones- bending motions • (2)??? and hypertension- increases the angle between bones; straightening motions • (3)??- move a part away from the median of the body • (4)??-moves a part toward the median of the body

  16. Interactions of Skeletal Muscles in the Body Muscles usually work in groups  group action Prime mover (=agonist), Antagonist, Synergist, Fixator Muscles can swap roles depending on the motion Muscles are usually arranged in antagonistic pairs • Flexion- decreases the angle between bones- bending motions • Extension and hypertension- increases the angle between bones; straightening motions • Abduction- move a part away from the median of the body • Adduction- moves a part toward the median of the body

  17. Interactions of Skeletal Muscles (1) Partner practice- verbally -name-for the principle muscle that causes a movement • ex: biceps brachii, flexion of forearm (2) Partner verbal practice- name-the principle muscle that causes the opposite movement • ex: triceps brachii, extension of forearm

  18. Interactions of Skeletal Muscles • Prime Mover (agonist): the principle muscle that causes a movement • ex: biceps brachii, flexion of forearm • Antagonist: the principle muscle that causes the opposite movement • ex: triceps brachii, extension of forearm

  19. Interactions of Skeletal Muscles Name these muscles that assist the prime mover • ex: extensor carpi (wrist) muscles are synergists for the flexor digitorum muscles when you clench your fist Name this specific type of muscles from above that stabilize the origin of a prime over • ex: several back muscles that stabilize scapula when the deltoid flexes the arm

  20. Interactions of Skeletal Muscles Synergists: muscles that assist the prime mover • ex: extensor carpi (wrist) muscles are synergists for the flexor digitorum muscles when you clench your fist Fixators: synergists that stabilize the origin of a prime over • ex: several back muscles that stabilize scapula when the deltoid flexes the arm

  21. Question 4: On white board- Name 7 characteristics used in the naming of muscles and EXAMPLES of each- underline or circle relevant portion of name?

  22. Naming Skeletal Muscles Direction/Orientation of the muscle fibers/cells= Rectus femoris Location of the muscle =Brachialis Shape of the muscle=Quadratus lumborum Relative Size of the muscle=Gluteus medius Number of Origins= Quadriceps Location of the Attachments=Sternocleidomastoid Action of the muscle=Adductor longus

  23. Question 5 What are the major muscles that assists with mastication?

  24. Question 5 What muscle assists with mastication? Masseter, temporalis, pterygoids

  25. Muscles of Mastication Masseter Action: closes jaw Origin: ?? Insertion: mandibular ramus Notes: what is special about this muscle? http://face-and-emotion.com/dataface/anatomy/media/HandAtlas_masseter-fascia.jpg http://instruct.westvalley.edu/granieri/headmuscles.jpg

  26. Muscles of Mastication Masseter Action: closes jaw Origin: zygomatic arch Insertion: mandibular ramus Notes: strongest muscle in body (per in2)-150 lbs of pressure http://face-and-emotion.com/dataface/anatomy/media/HandAtlas_masseter-fascia.jpg http://instruct.westvalley.edu/granieri/headmuscles.jpg

  27. Muscles of Facial Expression Temporalis Action: closes jaw Origin: temporal line of skull Insertion:???which bone?? Note: tight band around head while chewing… http://sungag.buddhism.org/tech22pe/board/jungyun/upfile/temporalis.gif http://face-and-emotion.com/dataface/anatomy/media/HandAtlas_buccinator-temporalis.jpg

  28. Muscles of Facial Expression Temporalis Action: closes jaw Origin: temporal line of skull Insertion: coronoid process of mandible Note: tight band around head while chewing… http://sungag.buddhism.org/tech22pe/board/jungyun/upfile/temporalis.gif http://face-and-emotion.com/dataface/anatomy/media/HandAtlas_buccinator-temporalis.jpg

  29. Muscles of Facial Expression Pterygoids (Medial& Lateral) Action: ?? Origin: ?? bone Insertion: medial surface of ramus (m. pterygoid); TMJ & neck of mandible (l. pterygoid) http://www.wetcanvas.com/Community/images/06-Mar-2005/30792-pterygoids.jpg http://www.med.mun.ca/anatomy/media/overview/ProtractImage292.jpg

  30. Muscles of Facial Expression Pterygoids (Medial& Lateral) Action: grating, "chewing the cud" muscle; protraction of mandible Origin: sphenoid bone Insertion: medial surface of ramus (m. pterygoid); TMJ & neck of mandible (l. pterygoid) http://www.wetcanvas.com/Community/images/06-Mar-2005/30792-pterygoids.jpg http://www.med.mun.ca/anatomy/media/overview/ProtractImage292.jpg

  31. Question 6 What muscle draws the eyebrows together?

  32. Muscles of Facial Expression Corrugator supercilii • Action: pulls eyebrows together • Origin: frontal bone, near nasal bone, above orbit • Insertion: skin of eyebrow • Other notes: deep to frontalis • Frowning http://www.bartleby.com/107/Images/large/image379.gif  http://www.uned.es/psico-2-psicologia-general-II/links/FACS/index_archivos/image006.jpg http://waddell.ci.manchester.ct.us/garden_images/h_corrugated.jpg

  33. Question 7 1-Of the abdominal muscles, which one has fibers that are horizontal? 2-Which one(s) compress the abdomen?

  34. Muscles of the Abdominal Wall Transversus Abdominis Action: compress abdominal contents Origin: inguinal ligament, iliac crest & internal surface of lower 6 ribs Insertion: linea alba http://www.aerobicmania.cz/images/core/ta.gif http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/abdominalmuscles/menu/image.gif

  35. Muscles of the Abdominal Wall Internal Oblique Action: laterally flex and rotate vertebral column to the same side; flex vertebral column & compress abdomen (both) • Origin: lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest • Insertion: internal surface of lower 3 ribs, linea alba http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/images/Image341.gif http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/backabdomen/menu/image.gif

  36. Muscles of the Abdominal Wall Rectus Abdominis Action: flex vertebral column; compresses abdomen Origin: pubic symphysis Insertion: cartilage of 5th, 6th, and 7th ribs and xiphoid process Note: “six-pack” muscle http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/images/Image339.gif

  37. Muscles of the Abdominal Wall Name this muscle Action: Flexes vertebral column laterally; depresses last rib Origin: iliolumbar ligament; iliac crest Insertion: last rib; transverse process of vertebrae (L1-L4) http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/images/Image339.gif

  38. Muscles of the Abdominal Wall Quadratus lumborum Action: Flexes vertebral column laterally; depresses last rib Origin: iliolumbar ligament; iliac crest Insertion: last rib; transverse process of vertebrae (L1-L4) http://www.octc.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat/images/Image339.gif

  39. Question 8 What are the muscles of the rotator cuff?

  40. Rotator Cuff Muscles Encompass and stabilize glenohumeral joint. http://cms.depuy.com/display?docId=20182

  41. Rotator Cuff Muscles • Four Muscles: Supraspinatus Teres Minor Infraspinatus Subscapularis Action: external rotation (to the rear) & shoulder joint stabilization http://www.fitstep.com/Advanced/Anatomy/Rot_cuff.htm

  42. Question 9 What is the function of teres major and teres minor?

  43. Muscles that move the Upper Arm Teres Major Action: extend, adduct, medially rotate shoulder (same as latissimus dorsi). Origin: lateral inferior angle and lower ½ of lateral border of scapula. Insertion: crest of lesser tubercle of humerus Notes: "lat's little helper." Synergist w/lat. dorsi. Antagonist to teres minor. Back http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/teresmajorpost2.jpg Front http://www.rad.washington.edu/staticpix/atlas/teresmajorant2.jpg

  44. Teres Minor Action: • laterally rotate, adducts, extends, and horizontally abducts shoulder • stabilizes head of humerus in glenoid cavity Origin: superior ½ of lateral border of scapula Insertion: greater tubercle of the humerus Note: antagonist to teres major in rotation of humerus http://www.chirotx.com/_derived/Shoulder_Pain_Active_Release_Technique.html_txt_wpe2.gif

  45. Question 9 What is the function of teres major and teres minor? In summary…. *they both move the upper arm *major adducts and medially rotates *minor laterally rotates, transverse abduction ***antagonistic to each other

  46. Question 10 What muscle raises or lowers the shoulders?

  47. Trapezius Action: • Upper fibers: extend the head and neck (both); laterally flex the head and neck to the same side, rotate the head and neck to the opposite side (singly), elevate the scapula, and upwardly rotate the scapula. • Middle fibers: adduct the scapula, stabilize the scapula. • Lower fibers: depress the scapula, upwardly rotate the scapula. Origin: External occipital protuberance, medial portion of superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of C-7 to T-12. Insertion: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula. http://www.preventdisease.com/home/muscleatlas/shtraplat.jpg

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