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Understanding Sentence Structures: Types and Components in English Grammar

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knut
21 diapositives · 403 Views · Jul 18, 2014

Explore the essential components and types of sentences in English grammar. This lesson covers declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, and imperative sentences, along with the fundamental parts: subject and predicate. Learn how to recognize and form each type of sentence, and understand simple and compound structures. Discover techniques for identifying the subject in inverted sentences and utilizing conjunctions to connect ideas. Engage with practical examples and exercises to enhance your grammar skills and improve sentence construction.

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Understanding Sentence Structures: Types and Components in English Grammar
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  1. THE SENTENCEUnit 1 Collated with houghtonmifflin – english 7 By: Angélica Guerra, MS Greater Miami Adventist Academy

  2. KINDS OF SENTENCES – LESSON 1 A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought . It starts with a capital letter. TYPES: Declarative: Makes a statement, ends with a period. Interrogative: Asks a questions, ends with a question mark. Exclamatory: Shows strong feeling, ends with an exclamation mark. Imperative: Gives a command OR makes a request, ends with a period or an exclam. mark.

  3. MAKE ONE SENTENCE OF EACH TYPE USING THE PICTURE PROVIDED:

  4. Subject and Predicatelessons 2 & 3 • Every sentence has 2 parts – the SUBJECT and the PREDICATE.SUBJECT: Who or what the sentence is aboutPREDICATE: What the subject is, has, does, or feels Simple S & P The MAIN word (or words) in the S is the Simple Subject. The MAIN word (or words) in the P is the Simple Predicate. Complete S & P ALL the words in the S are the Complete Subject. ALL the words in the P are the Complete Predicate.

  5. Make a sentence with the following picture. Be ready to identify the simple subject and simple predicate. Pee Wee voted the ugliest dog in the world

  6. The Simple Sentence (p. 43) • It expresses ONE complete idea. (The dog ran outside.) It may have: • a compound subject– (Ana, Jerry, andPete play basketball.) • a compound predicate– (Alicia cleans the house andcooks dinner.) • both– (Elizabeth, Maria, andSarahstudy anatomy andeat Doritos.)

  7. Combining Sentences with Compound Subj. OR compound pred. p. 43 • If the same subject is doing several actions, you can write a comp. predicate sentence. • EX: • At home, he eats. • At home, he sleeps. • At home, he studies. • At home, he eats, sleeps, and studies. • If different subjects are doing the same action, you can write a comp. subject sentence. • EX: • Ana is playing soccer. • The boys are playing soccer. • Ana and the boys are playing soccer.

  8. Finding the subject (inverted sentences) lsn. 4 • Natural Order Sentences: When the subject comes before the predicate. Most sentences are like this. • Inverted Order Sentences: When the subject FOLLOWS all or part of the predicate. • HOW TO FIND THE SUBJECT IN AN INVERTED SENT.: • Find the verb; ask who or what does the action, and rearrange the sentence so it will be in natural order. • Behind the bushes is the duck. • There goes the airplane. (Sentences that start with HERE or THERE are always inverted!) • Do children go to school in the Amazon?

  9. Make inverted sentences using the pictures provided.

  10. Conjunctions - lesson 5 • Coordinating Conj. • AND – joining similar ideas • BUT – contrast or difference between ideas • OR – choice between ideas • Correlative Conj. • Conjunctions used in PAIRS • They make a stronger connection • EX: both … and • either … or • neither … nor • whether … or Conjunctions are connecting words. They are used to connect words or groups of words.

  11. Lesson 6Fragments & Run-ons • RUN-ON • Two or more sentences that run together without commas OR without any punctuation. • ------------------------ • FIX IT by making 2 separate sentences or a compound sent. • Run-On: Manny cooks dinner, Lucy walks the dog. • Many cooks dinner. Lucy walks the dog. • Manny cooks dinner, and Lucy walks the dog. • FRAGMENT • Doesn’t express a complete thought • Missing subject OR predicate • Leaves questions unanswered • ------------------------- • FIX IT by providing what’s missing. • FRAGMENT: When I get home. • SENTENCE: I will eat when I get home.

  12. p. 55 The Compound Sentence… • expresses TWO OR MORE complete ideas that are equal in importance. • On September 11, 2001 the Twin Towers were destroyed,andpeople died. • On September 11, 2001 the Twin Towers were destroyed;people died.

  13. Continuation… Ways to DIVIDE the 2 sentences in a Compound Sentence: • Add a comma and a coordinating conjunction - (and/or/but) ,and ,or ,but • Add a semicolon ; NOW YOU TRY IT!!! Follow the directions.

  14. How do you know a sentence TRULY IS a compound sentence? You CAN divide it into TWO separate sentences. • Steven cut his finger with the knife, but he is OK. • 1. Steven cut his finger with the knife. • 2. He is OK. (Notice that each sentence has a subject and a predicate.)

  15. p. 56 The Complex Sentence… • is a sentence that contains TWO parts – * an independent clause: a part of the sentence that CAN stand on its own. * a subordinating (or dependent) clause: a part of the sentence that is LESS important because it CAN NOT stand on its own.

  16. (continuation) Complex Sentence: When I go home, I take a shower. • Independent Clause: • I take a shower. (This is a complete thought.) • Subordinating Clause: • When I go home (What happens?)

  17. The SUBORD. CLS. can be in different parts of the sentence. If it is at the BEGINNING: Follow it by a comma. (,) Before breakfast,I pray. If it is in the MIDDLE of the sentence: DO NOT add a comma. I pray before breakfast. Continuation: COMPLEX SENTENCES

  18. CONTINUATION – COMPLEX SENTENCES Subordinating Conjunctions after although as as if as long as because before if since so that unless until when whenever where whereas wherever while ETC.

  19. Make complex sentences using the picture. Vary the place where you put the subordinating clause.

  20. PRACTICE with Cpd. & cplx. sentencesFollow the directions: • My Dalmatian chewed its bone. • Dr. Ryans visits her patient. • Ana will go to the mall. • The old man dances well.

  21. THE END now get ready for your test!