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E N G L A N D

E N G L A N D. s t a r r i n g R u s s e l l C r o w e. s t a r r i n g M o r g a n F r e e m a n. m u s i c b y J o h n W i l l i a m s. d i r e c t e d b y S t e v e n S p i e l b e r g. s t a r r i n g M e l G i b s o n. s t a r r i n g K e v i n C o s t n e r.

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E N G L A N D

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  1. E N G L A N D s t a r r i n g R u s s e l l C r o w e s t a r r i n g M o r g a n F r e e m a n m u s i c b y J o h n W i l l i a m s d i r e c t e d b y S t e v e n S p i e l b e r g s t a r r i n g M e l G i b s o n s t a r r i n g K e v i n C o s t n e r p r o d u c e d b y G e o r g e L u c a s

  2. Angles • Originally occupied parts of Germany • Invaded by Britain with Saxons & Jutes (from Jutland) in 5th Cent. • Formed people who became known as English (The name England is derived from them)

  3. Anglo-Saxons • 450-Present • “Volkerwanderung” • Drove out Britons, Celts • Gave name “Welsh” – strangers • Divided into 7 kingdoms (Kent, Sussex, Essex) • Brought Important Documents

  4. Christmas Berry Mocha Fudge - A Heavenly treat 1/4 lb. butter12 oz. can of evaporated milk3 1/2 Cups of sugar1 heaping tablespoon of INSTANT COFFEE10 oz. Hershey's Raspberry chocolate chips2 oz. bittersweet chocolate7 oz. Marshmallow cream1 tsp. Vanilla In a heavy saucepan melt the butter. Add evaporated milk, sugar, and coffee. Bring to a rolling boil, stirring constantly until the temperature reaches 235 degrees. Remove from heat and and raspberry chocolate chips and the bittersweet chocolate. Stir the mixture until all ingredients are melted. Add the marshmallow crème and stir until blended. Stir in the vanilla. Pour into a lightly greased 9 X 13 inch pan. Cut in bite sized squared when cooled.

  5. Hero of the Geats • of the Danes • 5th- 6th C. • Battles 3 Foes (Grendel, Mother, Dragon) • Epic Tale written in England (700-1000 AD)

  6. - 700 AD – All of England Christian (St Patrick) • religious unity before political • - 7 Stable Kingdoms established • Alfred the Great • Divides into Shires (counties)

  7. - 700 AD – All of England Christian (St Patrick) • religious unity before political • - 7 Stable Kingdoms established • Alfred the Great • Divides into Shires (counties) • Rules by an Earl • Broke into hundreds, ruled by Thegn

  8. JUSTICE SYSTEM ESTABLISHED WItAN (council of earls, thegns) thegn Judge Doomsmen Jury EDWARD THE CONFESSOR Told to many secrets, ha

  9. King Arthur • Arthur Pendragon, Artorius, Aurelianus • Figure of Mythology • Ideal King in War & Peace • Born in 5th C.

  10. Arthur • Celtic Legend? • Anglo-Saxon Conquest of Britain • Excalibur • Merlin, Guinevere

  11. Arthur • Knights of the Round Table • Camelot (Avalon) • Much Myth and Fiction • Exciting Tale of Medieval History

  12. English Rule • Edward the Confessor (1042-1066) • Last Anglo-Saxon King • Westminster Abbey (1042) • First Major Gothic Church in England

  13. King Edward the Confessor (no heir to throne) • Last Anglo-Saxon • 3 way struggle for English Throne Harold Godwinson • Harald Hardrada • (king of Norway) • Duke William

  14. William fights E.C. Weather (curse or blessing?) Meanwhile… Harald defeated by Harold at Battle of Stamford Bridge Battle of Hastings Harold rushes down William Wins

  15. Results • Harold killed, Normans win • England Oriented toward Europe, not Scandinavia • French Becomes language of the Courts • Basic unit of govt remains shire, now ruled by shire reeve (sheriff) • All estates of Saxons William’s • Lords serve or • Feudalism

  16. King Edward. Where Harold, Earl of the English, and his retinue ride to Bosham. Harold sails to Stamford Bridge to meet Hardrada

  17. Where Harold gave his oath to Duke William. The death of King Edward the Confessor

  18. A bad omen, a comet appears in the sky Eustace. Here the French do battle.

  19. And those who were with Harold fell. Here King Harold was killed. And the English fled.

  20. Achievements • 1086 DOMESDAY BOOK Gave clear record of land holdings Castle Building begins • Curia Regis set up (council of clergy & Barons) • Contract w/vassals (forerunner of Parliament)

  21. Feudalism System of govt. w/land, estate contractual ownership • Lord – dukes, marquis, counts, earls, viscounts, barons, etc. • Vassal – serve the lord • Carolingian (8th & 9th C.) based on wealth (stirrup) vs. • Classical (11th C.) hereditary lineage • Responsibilities?

  22. Feudalism • Obligations of the Vassals • Give 40 days/nights annually (scutage –shield money) • Contribute to lord’s expenses (knighting, wedding, ransom) • Work the land, give “contributions” • Entertain and maintain estate • Absolved if Lord (tries to kill, enslave, steal, or seduce wife) • Obligations of the Lords • Could wage war, coin $, collect tolls, make alliances • Grant land (fief) • Protect, provide castle • Lead vassals & knights into battle • Maintain roads, bridges, defenses

  23. Heir to the Throne William William Rufus Henry I Robert (Hunter) (Momma’s Boy) (Eldest, Crusader)

  24. Rufus Went Hunting One Day

  25. Rufus is shot thru the eye with an arrow! He fatally dies from being impaled thru his brain. Shiskabob Anyone!

  26. Crown placed on Henry I Henry is last of sons and will rule as an uneventful king!

  27. White Ship (1120) Heir to the Throne - William, sister Matilda, other illegitimate children (22 total)

  28. Geoffrey William Henry I Matilda Stephen

  29. William is now in trouble, but wait… He grabs a ride on one of the row boats, but wait… He goes back, WHAT the #&@* !!!! Bye, bye, bye

  30. Stephen Takes Over the Throne! Champion

  31. Stephen (1135-54) • Weak Ruler • Constant fighting with Barons • Power struggle with cousins • Young Henry II (cousin succeeds him)

  32. Henry II(King of England) • 1164 issues Constitution of Clarendon Clergy member may be punished by Royal Court No appealing sentences to Pope without King’s Permission • Concept of Juries (Grand & Petit) and Exchequer, Common Law • Thomas ‘a Becket (Archbishop of Canterbury) Opposed Constitution Murdered by Henry’s Knights (4)

  33. Henry II • Fight for the Throne • Sons all want it William , Henry , Richard , Geoffrey , John WHO WILL WIN?

  34. Richard I(the Lion-Hearted) • Seems to win fight for crown (1189-99) • Unknown to English • 6 months of 10 yr reign in England • 3rd Crusade v. Saladin • Captured in Austria (Leopold V) • Imposed heavy taxes (nearly bankrupted) • Shot and Killed w/ arrow

  35. King John • Richard’s younger bro (1199-1216) • Fought many battles w/ French • Dispute with Pope Innocent III • Imposed illegal dues on his barons • Pay for war and bro • Barons were upset, had enough in 1215!

  36. Magna Carta • 1215 • Barons forced John to sign document • Defined Rights & Responsibilities • Protected Barons against unnecessary taxes • Clergy allowed to choose their own bishops • Could appeal to Pope for justice *It did nothing for the large population (serfs) • Eventually led to provisions for all citizens of England

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