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Acids and Bases

This guide explores the fundamental concepts of acids and bases, focusing on the Bronsted-Lowry model, which defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors. It details the equilibrium established in aqueous solutions between hydronium ions (H3O+) and hydroxide ions (OH-), explaining the pH scale and its significance in classifying solutions as acidic, basic, or neutral. Animated resources are provided for visual learners, along with practical examples and calculations to enhance understanding of these essential chemical concepts.

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases Strong Acids, strong bases and pH

  2. Bronsted-Lowry Model of Acids and Bases Acid is a proton donor, base is a proton acceptor. HB(aq) + A-(aq) ↔ HA(aq) + B-(aq) HA and HB are acids, A- and B- are bases HB & B- and HA & A- are conjugate acid-base pairs.

  3. Watch this animation http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/acid13.swf

  4. Watch this animation about acids and bases in solution http://preparatorychemistry.com/Bishop_Neut_frames.htm Watch the “acid animation” at the same site – look at the menu on the left

  5. Demo - A Voice Activated Reaction Acidic and Basic Water Solutions

  6. In any aqueous solution, there is an equilibrium between H3O+ (H+) ions and OH- ions. 2 H2O ↔ H3O+(aq) + OH-(aq) Kw = [H3O+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14 @25oC So in pure water: [H+] = [OH-] = 1.0 x 10-7 M A neutral solution Acidic solutions: [H+] > 1.0 x 10-7 M > [OH-] Basic solutions: [OH-] > 1.0 x 10-7 M > [H+]

  7. Ex In sea water, [H+] = 5 x 10-9 M [OH-] = ?

  8. pH Scale pH = -log[H+] neutral solution: pH = 7.0 acidic solution: pH < 7.0 basic solution: pH > 7.0 Look at the animation at: http://www.johnkyrk.com/pH.html

  9. ex Suppose [H+] = 2.4 x 10-6 M; calculate pH

  10. Ex Suppose pH = 8.68; Calculate [H3O+]

  11. pOH = -log[OH-] [H+][OH-] = 1 x 10-14 pH + pOH = 14

  12. Watch the music video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9nOIZDdvRw Here is the notes quiz https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/embeddedform?formkey=dGhuNE53RkdkV1ZJc1BGdGFQeEEzVWc6MQ

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