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TEST FOUR NOTES. AMERICAN MIGRATION 9/10/13. World History Standard 8 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the development of societies in Central and South America.
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TEST FOUR NOTES AMERICAN MIGRATION 9/10/13
World History Standard 8The student will demonstrate an understanding of the development ofsocieties in Central and South America.
A. Explain the rise and fall of the Olmec, Mayan, Aztec, and Inca empires.B. Compare the culture of the Americas; include government, economy, religion, and the arts of the Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION • How did the Olmec influence later Meso-American cultures?
last Ice Age migrated from Asia to the Americas land-bridgeBering Strait.
water body had frozen over animals begin to migrate south grazing land. food source.
series of waves different people groups. thousands of years. moved as far south as South America and stayed as far north as Canada.
earliest traces of farming Western Hemispheresouth-central and northeastern Mexico, along the coast of Peru, and in the southwestern US. Farming began about the same time in both hemispheres, but was adopted more gradually in the Americas.
agriculture productive enough support village life and the beginnings of towns. By the time of the arrival of Columbus in 1492, tribes were largely dependent on farming for their food supply.
None of the inhabitants of the Americas learned to make iron. Copper was used only rarely to make tools.
Gold and silver were widely known. Jewelry from the America’s amazed European artists and artisans when they saw it for the first time.
By about 1500 B.C. the peoples along the coast of Peru and in central Mexico were beginning to live in villages. By 1,000 B.C. trading centers began to appear. The earliest of these cultures (in Mexico) is called the Olmec.
These people left giant stone heads and many objects made of jade. There is also evidence that the Olmecs had priests and worshipped a god that looked like a jaguar.
Near the modern city of Oaxaca (wah-HAH-kah) in Mexico is Monte Alban, a high hill topped by ceremonial structures that may be as ancient as the Olmecs.
Here human sacrifice was practiced. Both the Olmec culture and the Monte Alban cultures appear to have been devastated by civil war.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION9/11/13 • What brought the Aztecs to the America’s?
most advanced culture Americas Maya. tropical lowlands of southern Mexico and Central America 1,000 BC. By 300 BC they were building steep pyramids.
The Maya were advanced astronomy. predict solar eclipses devised a calendar accurate Europe at that time. counting system and a writing system. The chief Mayan city was Chichen Itza (chee-CHEN- eet-ZAH)
farming practices were very simple they were very productive. high standard of living usually peaceful, although there is evidence that in extended periods of drought they would make human sacrifices to please the gods and bring rain.
800 AD the civilization suddenly declined sharply. not sure whether this is because of a war, or their farming techniques just wore out the soil.
1100 AD Central Mexico was invaded from the north by a people called the Toltecs (TAHL_tecks). Yucatan Peninsula and there they met the Mayas.
The influence of the Toltecs on the Maya was noticeable. The Toltecs also built pyramids, and introduced the working of gold and silver.
spread the worship of their god Quetzalcoatl(ket-sahl-koh-AT l), the feathered serpent. The Toltecs practiced human sacrifice and loved warfare.
1200 AD invasions of Central Mexico Aztecs. wandering warriors, fighting for whoever would pay them. Mercenaries
legend priests saw a sign from their god, and that sign would be an eagle sitting on a cactus eating a serpent. an island in Lake Texcoco, in Mexico.
Built city Tenochtitlan. 1325 power grew dominated central Mexico. causeways and stone foundations expand their city great pyramids, marketplaces, and palaces.
Aztecs perfected farming on floating artificial islands chinampas. greatest period Tenochtitlan over 100,000 people living in it.
Aztec society was dominated by the military. Warfare carried the most prestige and led to wealth and power.
They believed that the sun would not move in the sky without human sacrifices being made to it, and their god of war demanded human sacrifices also.
The victims were captives from defeated tribes, and hundreds were put to death each year. In 1478, there is evidence of 20,000 sacrifices that year.
World History Standard 8The student will demonstrate an understanding of the development ofsocieties in Central and South America.
A. Explain the rise and fall of the Olmec, Mayan, Aztec, and Inca empires.B. Compare the culture of the Americas; include government, economy, religion, and the arts of the Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION9/16/13 • What caused the decline of the Meso-American cultures?
INCAS • About the same time the Aztecs were in Mexico, another group was building a civilization in the Andes Mountains of South America. The religion of these tribes was based on sun worship.
Their name – Incas – meant “children of the Sun”. By the late 1400’s it extended along most of the west coast of South America and far into the Andes covering what is today Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia, and Chile.
