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Religious Changes

The Protestant Reformation, initiated by Martin Luther in 1517 with his Ninety-Five Theses, radically altered the religious landscape of Europe. It criticized the Catholic Church's practices, especially the sale of indulgences, leading to the splintering of Catholic unity and the rise of various Protestant denominations. This movement fostered ideas of individualism, secularism, and a focus on life on Earth, marking a pivotal shift in societal values. The Reformation's legacy includes significant cultural, political, and theological transformations, shaping modern Europe.

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Religious Changes

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  1. Religious Changes Because Change is Good…right?

  2. What effect did the Protestant Reformation have on Europe? Essential Question

  3. Humanists criticized Church for some things it did: • Lost sight of spiritual mission • Only interested in making money • Pope not setting moral standard • Urged unhappy Catholics to leave the Church Reformation

  4. Began in Germany • Catholic Church sends monk to Germany to raise money to build St. Peter’s Basilica. • Humanists outraged at misuse of indulgences. • Effects: • Forever shattered unity of Catholic Church • 100 years of war between Catholics & Protestants Reformation

  5. Belief that each person is special, & people should strive to be the best person they can be. • Idea went hand in hand with Renaissance. People began learning & trying new things. • Inspired many to study the arts & humanities; led to many significant achievements. Individualism

  6. Shift in interest from afterlife to life here on earth. • Essentially what the Renaissance was all about. Began focusing on cause & effect. • Interest in natural universe grew; advances made in biology, physics, & arts. Secularism

  7. Launched Protestant Reformation by posting 95 Theses. • Criticized sale of indulgences • Challenged authority of Pope • Believed Pope & priests lacked authority to allow people into Heaven; Only possible through faith in God. Martin Luther

  8. Excommunicated due to 95 Theses; Eventually labeled an outlaw & banned. • Translated New Testament into German so people could read it for themselves. • Protestantism spread through Germany, and eventually most of Europe. Martin Luther

  9. Started new branch of Protestantism called Calvinism, followers called Calvinists. • Published The Institutes of the Christian Religion • Told what Christians should believe on every major religious question. • United & strengthened Calvinists against opposition & persecution. John Calvin

  10. Since God was all-knowing, it was predestined (already decided by God) who would be saved. • Those chosen by God called “The Elect.” Held to highest moral standards & practiced extreme self-discipline. • Geneva became a Theocracy – Government ruled by religious leaders. John Calvin

  11. Many from France converted & became known as Huguenots. • 1562 – Began defending themselves in series of civil wars started by French Catholic Monarchs. • King Henry IV issued Edict of Nantes in 1598 • Allowed religious freedom • Gave some political rights John Calvin

  12. What effect did the Protestant Reformation have on Europe? Essential Question

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