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A Balanced Diet

A Balanced Diet. A balanced diet is the correct mixture and amount of the five food groups. They are: Proteins e.g.Beans, meat & poultry Fats e.g.Cheese milk & butter Carbohydrates: Pasta, rice and cakes. Vitamins:e.g. A,B,B12,C,E&D Minerals:e.g.Ca,Fe, Zn & I etc. Carbohydrates.

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A Balanced Diet

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  1. A Balanced Diet • A balanced diet is the correct mixture and amount of the five food groups. • They are: • Proteins e.g.Beans, meat & poultry • Fats e.g.Cheese milk & butter • Carbohydrates: Pasta, rice and cakes. • Vitamins:e.g. A,B,B12,C,E&D • Minerals:e.g.Ca,Fe, Zn & I etc.

  2. Carbohydrates • Carbohydrates are made up of three elements only i.e. Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. • They have a General Formula of(C)x(H2O)y • Carbohydrates provide our bodies with energy.

  3. 1. Monosaccharides (the simplest sugars) e.g. Glucose and Fructose, both have formula C6H12O6 ie Isomers 2.Disaccharides e.g Sucrose & Maltose(made from two monosaccharides joining together) There are 3 groups of Carbohydrate

  4. 3. Polysaccharides ( made up many monosaccharides joining together) egStarch & Cellulose.Approx 300 glucose units join together to make Starch. They join together by means of a CONDENSATION Reaction i.e.the removal of water molecules between monosaccharides. The Formula of starch is -(C6H10O5)n-

  5. Tests for Carbohydrates • Test for Glucose: Add Benedicts solution and heat in a water – bath. If glucose is present the solution will turn from blue to orange (brick-red). This also works for Fructose(which is an Isomer of glucose) Test for Starch:Add Iodinesolution. If Starch is present it will turn Blue/Black. There is no “practical”test for sucrose

  6. Breaking Carbohydrates Up Starch • Monosaccharides join by the removal of water molecules .i.e.a Condensation Reaction. • To break up Carbohydrates we ADD water.This is called Hydrolysis. • Instead of water our bodies use Hydrochloric Acid Glucose molecules

  7. Digestion of Food • For us to receive the benefit of food it must be absorbed into our bloodstream. • Digestion happens in a number of stages: • First broken down in mouth by chewing and use of Enzymes in saliva. • Passes down gullet into stomach where Hydrolysis begins (stomach contains Hydrochloric Acid). • Begins long journey through Small Intestine(22-26ft) and then into large intestine(4-6ft) where it finally absorbed into the blood.

  8. Digestion(contd). • The large Intestine or Gut can be regarded a long tube which contains tiny pores. • For the food to get through to the other side i.e. the bloodstream the food molecules must be broken up into small enough units. • For example Starch must be broken into Glucose molecules.

  9. Alkanols (Alcohols) • The Alkanols are another Homologous series with General Formula CnH2n+1OH • Alkanols are generally used as solvents and cleaning agents. • Ethanol is the alkanol that is present in all alcoholic drinks. • It is made by a process called Fermentation in which sugar is turned into alcohol yeast C6H12O6 C2H5OH + CO2 Yeast acts as a Catalyst since it contains Enzymes (a Biological Catalyst) which will only work at a specific pH and Temperature The mixture is finally Distilled to purify it

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