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Exploring Fundamental QCD at RHIC: Recent PHENIX Results

In the recent RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting, significant findings were presented regarding d+Au and Cold Nuclear Matter, Cu+Au geometry studies, spin and nucleon structure. Separating QCD fundamentals from non-ideal effects marked a new phase in RHIC exploration. Results like the Baryon Anomaly in Au+Au collisions and the role of geometry and flow were discussed. Novel observations such as Two-Particle Correlations, Rapidity Matters, Large Dh Correlations, and Open Heavy Flavor were shared, shedding light on the intricate physics at RHIC. The meeting also highlighted future upgrades for new physics exploration and emphasized the importance of geometry control in collisions. Key speakers like Ming Liu and Richard Seto emphasized the significance of upcoming data analysis and polarized proton-nucleus collisions. Attendees also discussed advancements in understanding jet quenching phenomena and the need for high-resolution measurements in upcoming experiments at RHIC.

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Exploring Fundamental QCD at RHIC: Recent PHENIX Results

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  1. Summary of Recent PHENIX Results J. Lajoie, Iowa State University 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  2. Outline • d+Au and Cold Nuclear Matter • Geometry studies with Cu+Au • Spin and nucleon structure We have entered a detailed exploration phase at RHIC where we are now able to begin separating fundamental QCD from non-ideal effects (CNM, geometry,…). 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  3. The Devil’s in the Details 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  4. The Baryon Anomaly (Au+Au) PRL 91, 172301 (2003), PRC 69, 034909 (2004) proton/pion antiproton/pion Excess (anti) baryons compared to pions at moderate pT (2-5 GeV/c). Does not look like vacuum jet fragmentation. 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  5. The Baryon Anomaly in d+Au? The start of the “Baryon Anomaly” is present in CNM – not a QGP effect? Or is it? Challenges explanations that require a high parton density. Central d+Au ratios look a lot like peripheral Au+Au ratios. Clear enhancement of baryons as a function of centrality. PHENIX arXiv:1304.3410v1 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  6. Two-Particle Correlations Very similar to LHC! Central-peripheral difference is symmetric: two ridges? or flow? Near- and away-side features seen in both central and peripheral; Δη gap limited to Δη>0.5 arXiv:1303.1794 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  7. Just Geometry + Flow? Fourier moments Cn of (Cent-Periph) distributions versus associated pT Inferred quadrupolar anisotropy v2 of h+- vs pT PHENIX arXiv:1303.1794 arXiv:1304.3403 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  8. Rapidity Matters… PHOBOS Phys. Rev. C72, 031901 More central d+Au produces more “bulk” going with Au x10 xd<<xAu xd>>xAu x3 xd~xAu Is it purely a parton-level effect? Or is there more to it? 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  9. Large Dh Correlations First observation of long – range ridge correlations at RHIC! 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  10. Open Heavy Flavor Single leptons from heavy flavor decays BBC μ μ e Qualitatively consistent with expectation: Au-going enhanced d-going decreased with centrality 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  11. Confronting the J/Y Trends broadly consistent with more production in Au-going direction. Can we determine transverse spatial dependence of nuclear modification? Baseline model --EPS09 with linear thickness dependence, plus single breakup-cross section -- cannot reproduce centrality dependence in detail. PHENIX Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 142301 (2011) 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  12. Comparing the J/Y and Y’ Expect increasedsuppression whentime in nucleusis comparable to formation time Y’ data indicatethat there are effects at shorttimescales that suppress Y’ relativeto J/Y. PHENIX arXiv:1305.5516 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  13. Cu+Au: Geometry! • Left/right asymmetric density profile. • Odd Harmonics • Corona on Au-side Find x: • Central collisions • No corona on Cu-goingside A program that takes advantage of unique capabilities at RHIC: 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  14. Harmonic Components Stronger v1, opposite sign from AMPT. v2 trends as expected AnetaIordanova (Wednesday) 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  15. RHIC and LHC No change in shape across a wide range in center-of-mass energy – driven by geometry! Jeff Mitchell (Wednesday) 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  16. A lot going on with Au+Au… Suppression of high zT hadronscorrelated with direct photons – another (key) handle on jet quenching • There’s a lot underway…. • Gamma-hadron correlations • Azimuthal HBT • Dileptons with the HBD • Heavy flavor with the VTX/FVTX • … arXiv:1212.3323 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  17. Run-13, Spin, and the W Data production underway – expect to analyze Run-13 500 GeV data during SpinFest @ RIKEN in July 156 pb-1 Ming Liu (Tuesday) Hubert van Hecke (Thursday) 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  18. max signal expected from DSSV ALL At Forward Rapidity Relative Luminosity Syst Error History • RL syst. uncert. O(10-3) • Run9 Stat uncert. O(10-3) • BUT • Forward asymmetry O(10-4) (expected) • On disk already: FOM 50x greater than run9, so new stat error will be O(10-4) • RL syst. uncert. hopefully also gets to O(10-4) Scott Wolin (Tuesday) 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  19. The Future • New upgrades ready for new physics! MPC-EX Upgrade (2015) – spin andCNM physics The FVTX and VTX – ready for HI measurements in 2014! 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  20. p+A: More Geometry Control • d+A collisions are NOT p+A collisions! • Large intrinsic e2 • RHIC has the unique capability to vary the collision geometry to explore the initial state He3+Au MC Glauber 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  21. Polarizedp+A Collisions Richard Seto (Tuesday) Kang, Yuan: PRD 84, 034019 (2011) Left Qsp2 = (1.0 GeV)2 QsA2 = (2.5 GeV)2 d = 0.16 GeV Right Single spin asymmetries can act as a probe of the saturation scale. • Dependence of QsAon A • Combined with other measurements this can estimate Qsp A unique capability of RHIC! 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  22. Conclusions • To extract fundamental QCD physics from the QGP at RHIC we will have to deal with initial state aspects: • Cold Nuclear Matter (nPDF’s) • Finite-size systems (geometry) • Exciting new physics? • We are now entering a phase where we have detailed measurements that will make this possible! • Spin measurements are relentlessly constraining the gluon spin • PHENIX will continue to pursue a broad-ranging, curiosity-driven physics program that takes full advantage of the flexibility of RHIC! 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  23. BACKUP 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  24. Transverse Energy Transverse energy for Cu+Cu similar to Au+Au at same Npart, but Cu+Au higher. Jeff Mitchell (Wednesday) 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  25. Upsilon 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  26. Ridge in d+Au 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  27. Identified RdAu 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  28. Y’/(J/Y) 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

  29. Template 2013 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting

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