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“Structure” and “Function” Six P sychological Perspectives

Dive into the history of structuralism, functionalism, and psychoanalysis, comparing and contrasting the six psychological perspectives. Get insights from Greek philosophers, learn about the core concepts, and understand the key figures and theories shaping psychology. Explore behaviorism, cognitive psychology, biopsychology, humanistic approaches, and sociocultural influences.

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“Structure” and “Function” Six P sychological Perspectives

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  1. “Structure” and “Function” Six Psychological Perspectives Learning Plan 2

  2. Competancy • Outline the history of structuralism, functionalism and psychoanalysis • Summarize the following six psychological perspectives: psychoanalytic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, biopsychological, and sociocultural • Compare and contrast the six perspectives

  3. Overview • Intro/Imagine Activity • Greek philosopher images • Psychology taken from ancient Greek • “Study of the mind” • Psyche= mind/soul • Logos (ology)= study of

  4. Ancient Greeks • Credited with origins of science in Western Civilization • Classical period (500 BCE) peak of Greek culture • World’s first democratic government • Great minds of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle

  5. Structuralism • Wilhelm Wundt • Edward B. Titchner • Constitutional Parts • Fundamental structures of the mind • Only normal adult mind • Weaknesses- excluded aspects that do not fit • Does not address psychopathology • Behavior should not be a part of psychology • Brought experimental psychology to US • Core Context of Meaning Theory

  6. Functionalism • William James • Physiological perspective based on experimentation • Founded first psychology lab in US • Emotions, behavior, and consciousness are physiology phenomena • Individual differences/unique perspectives • Mind/body one interacting entity • Taught first psychology course in US

  7. Psychoanalytical Perspective • Philosophy vs. science until turn of 19th century • Sigmund Freud • Psychoanalytic- id, ego, superego, unconscious mind, past creates the present, address unconscious to solve problems, dreams “royal road to the unconscious” • Psychosexual stages of development • oral stage (approx. birth to 19 months) • anal stage (approx. 18 months to 4 yrs) • phallic stage (approx. 4 to 7 yrs) • latent stage (approx. 7 yrs to puberty) • genital stage (puberty)

  8. Psychoanalytic Continued • Carl Jung • Collective unconscious, déjà vu, near-death experiences • Influences on are and other therapies • Alfred Adler • More hopeful, focus on family influence, social reform, individual psychology, social and holistic psychology, birth order • Erik Erikson • 8 Stages of Man- psychosocial and full lifespan • Karen Horney • Theory of neurosis, coping strategies- compliance, aggression, and withdrawal

  9. Behavioral Perspective • Ivan Pavlov • Classical Conditioning--- Bells and Dogs • John Watson • Explain behavior without inner consciousness and nonphysical . Focus purely on observable behaviors. • Broken into stimulus and response • Focus on experimentation • Free will is an illusion- process of reinforcement • Operant conditioning- rewards and punishment

  10. Biopsychological Perspective • Physiological causes of behavior, feelings, and mental processes • How biology of electrical impulses and chemicals effect human development, learning, performance, perceptions, and emotions • Adolf Meyer • How mind and body affects each other

  11. Cognitive Perspective • Term coined in 1967- Ulric Neisser • Focus on scientific method in the collection of information • Studies consciousness, learning, and memory • Acknowledges internal states- desire and motivation • Computer age

  12. Humanistic Perspective • 1950s- response to behaviorism and psychoanalysis • Third Force • Existential theory base • Have free will • Positive perspective • Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, Rollo May • European existential philosophy influence • Phenomenology/client-centered therapy • Qualitative not quantitative • Actualizing tendency- feelings of incongruity

  13. Sociocultural Perspective • Most recent • Social norms, rules, and roles • Cultural rules and values • Explore interactions with the surroundings • Shame in children • Shame in children • Theorists Alfred Bandura and L. Vygostky

  14. Suggested Reading • http://psych.athabascau.ca/html/aupr/social.shtml • http://tip.psychology.org/vygotsky.html • http://www.psych.ualberta.ca/research/scp.php • http://www.womyn-ctr.co.nz/eating-disorders-palmer.htmhttp://www.womyn-ctr.co.nz/eating-disorders-palmer.htm

  15. Homework • History of Psychology Timeline- Due October 18th • Readings:Lesson Plan 3 and supplemental readings • Readings:Lesson Plan 4 and supplemental readings • Assignments: Discussion 3.1 or Discussion 4.1

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