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Zionism – Part I

Zionism – Part I. The Creation of the State of Israel. Return to Zion is Age Old Dream. Weekday Morning Service – Prayers Sound the great shofar for our freedom, raise the banner to gather our exiles and gather us together from the four corners of the earth…

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Zionism – Part I

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  1. Zionism – Part I The Creation of the State of Israel

  2. Return to Zion is Age Old Dream • Weekday Morning Service – Prayers • Sound the great shofar for our freedom, raise the banner to gather our exiles and gather us together from the four corners of the earth… • May you rebuild it [Jerusalem] soon in our days as an eternal structure, and may you speedily establish the throne of David within it… • Grace After Meals • Rebuild Jerusalem, the Holy City, soon in our days. Blessed are you, God, who rebuilds Jerusalem. • Passover Seder • Next Year in Jerusalem!

  3. Nationalism: What is it? • Definition: A sense of a common history, language, and culture amongst a group of people sometimes living in the same region, but often scattered. The feelings associated with nationalism lead to a desire for a national home land.

  4. European Nationalism • Mid – 19th Century • Germany and Italy estb. Independent nations • Require unified and homogenous society • Leads to Anti-Semitism • Jews Influenced by these trends • Envision a Jewish homeland in Palestine • Hebrew as national language

  5. Zionism • Definition: Zionism is a political movement that supports a homeland for the Jewish people in the Land of Israel. • Negative reaction to anti-Semitism • Positive belief in the Jewish People

  6. A Dream is Born:Dr. Leon Pinsker (1821-1891) • Born Yehuda Leib Pinsker in Russia • Educated Jewishly in father’s school & at home. • Initially believed in equal rights and assimilation • Pogroms made him rethink views • Auto Emanzipation (1882)

  7. A Dream is Born:Hovevei Zion • Lovers of Zion • Built cultural awareness and Pride • Goal: send Russian Jews to Palestine • 14000 members by 1892

  8. Political Zionism:Theodor Herzl (1860-1904) I • Born in Budapest to an assimilated family • Moved to Vienna where he studied law • Became a journalist • Encountered anti-Semitism at school & work • The Ghetto (1894) • Father off Zionism • Dies suddenly in 1904

  9. Political Zionism:Theodor Herzl II • Der Judenstaat (1896) • Jews require country of their own • Practical outline to building a viable state • Palestine not mentioned • Political Zionism • Home land through political assistance and consent of the community of nations. • Would require a charter giving the land to the Jews

  10. Political Zionism:World Zionist Congress (1897) • Builds a support base of Eastern European Jews • 1st Meeting - Basel, Switzerland • Estb. World Zionist Organization • Adopt Jewish flag • Adopt national anthem (hatikva) • “In Basel, I created the Jewish State.”

  11. Opposition to Zionism • Protest Against Zionism (1897) • Protest Rabbis • Jews are not a nation • Assimilation and rights are the answer • The Zionists Are Not Our Saviours (1900) • Rabbi Zadok HaCohen Rabinowitz • Evil of Secularism • God will gather in the exiles

  12. Other Types of Zionism: Spiritual Zionism • Ahad Ha’am (One of the People) • “Lo Zeh Hah-Derech” (This is Not the Way) • Political Zionism is not practical • Palestine as cultural center • Influences new generation • Chaim Weizmann

  13. Other Types of Zionism:Socialist Zionism – Poalei Zion • Program for Proletarian Zionism (1906) • Ber Borochov • Combines socialism and Zionism • Diaspora • Democratize society by means of class struggle • National political autonomy • Zionism • Immigration to Palestine • Development of country by labor not capital

  14. A Homeland, but where?Palestine Vs. Uganda • 6th Zionist Congress (1903) • Uganda proposed • 7th Zionist Congress (1905) • Uganda is rejected • Jewish Territorial Organization • Settlement some place, not necessarily Palestine

  15. Next Class • Continue reading pages 529-633 • Preview: • Putting ideas into action • The politics of Statehood • Tensions between Jews and Arabs

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