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Unleashing Energy: The Marvels of Photosynthesis

Discover the intricate process of photosynthesis converting sunlight into chemical energy in organisms. Learn about the light and dark reactions, chloroplast structure, factors affecting photosynthesis, and more.

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Unleashing Energy: The Marvels of Photosynthesis

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  1. Photosynthesis

  2. All organisms require energy to carry out their life processes. • Active transport • Cell division • Movement • Production of proteins • The sun is the ultimate energy source for these life processes.

  3. OBTAINING ENERGY • Autotrophs/producers-use (light) energy directly from the sun to make their own food and other organic molecules necessary for life • Heterotrophs/consumer-obtain energy from eating other organisms (from the sun indirectly)

  4. INTRO TO PHOTOSYNTHESIS • Process that converts light energy from the sun into usable chemical energy (glucose). • Complex series of reactions in which the products of one reaction are consumed as the reactants in the next reaction.

  5. INTRO TO PHOTOSYNTHESIS • Occurs in plants and some algae inside of chloroplasts • Requirements: • Reactants:Light energy from the sun, water, carbon dioxide • Chlorophyll • Enzymes

  6. 6CO2+ 6H2O + LIGHT ENERGY → C6H12O6 + 6O2 OR carbon dioxide + water + sunlight → glucose + oxygen Photosynthesis: the chemical equation

  7. 1. Light reaction (Light-dependent reaction) - First step of photosynthesis that traps sunlight and makes NADPHand ATP to run the dark reaction Photosynthesis: The 2 Steps

  8. 2. Dark reaction (Light-independent reaction or the Calvin Cycle) - Second step of photosynthesis that uses ATP and NADPHfrom the light reaction and carbon dioxide from the air to make glucose Photosynthesis: The 2 Steps

  9. LIGHT REACTION Where sunlight is used. • Requires: • H2O • ADP • NADP+ • Produces: • O2 • ATP • NADPH *ATP and NADPH store energy

  10. CALVIN CYCLE (LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTION) • Converts CO2 from the air into usable chemical energy (glucose). • Requires: • CO2 • ATP • NADPH • Produces: • Organic Compounds • ADP • NADP+

  11. Stroma:Space inside the chloroplast PHOTOSYNTHESIS: STRUCTURE OF THE CHLOROPLAST

  12. Thylakoids: green  contain chlorophyll; where the light reactions occur Stroma: liquid portion of chloroplast; where the Calvin cycle occurs Chlorophyll: green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy Pigment: light-absorbing compound CHLOROPLAST STRUCTURE

  13. Photosynthesis Reactions 6CO2+ 6H2O + LIGHT ENERGY → C6H12O6 + 6O2 OR carbon dioxide + water + sunlight → glucose + oxygen Light Dependent Reaction • Occurs in the thylakoids • Chlorophyll traps light energy • This makes energized electrons that go on to the electron transport chain Uses H2O → → Produces O2 Chloroplast Depleted Carriers • ADP & NADP (from ATP & NADPH) have to be recharged by sunlight Electron Transport Chain (ETC) • Energized electrons move down the ETC • Produces energized carriers, ATP and NADPH, that capture & store energy Light Independent Reaction aka Calvin Cycle • Occurs in the stroma • Uses energy from ATP & NADPH Uses CO2 & H2O ProducesGlucose

  14. FACTORS AFFECTING PHOTOSYNTHESIS • Light intensity • Carbon dioxide availability • Temperature

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