Types of Government

1. Types of Government 7th Grade Social Studies

2. Compare & Contrast Various Forms of Government Describe the ways government systems distribute power: unitary, confederation, and federal SS6 - CG1a, CG4a, CG6a SS7 – CG1a, CG4a, CG6a

3. Define the different types of governments (i.e., democracy, autocracy, oligarchy, monarchy, dictatorship, and so on). SS GPS

4. Terms to Know! • Anarchy • Communist • Capitalist • Dictatorship • Monarchy • Theocracy • Totalitarian • Distribution of Power: • Unitary • Confederation • Federal • Citizen Participation: • Autocratic • Oligarchic • Democratic • Democracies: • Parliamentary Democracy • Presidential Democracy

5. Interactive Notebook Question • Using the Words to Know! Terms as a guide: • Which form of government(s) do we have in the U.S.?

6. REMEMBER: • Nearly every country in the world is ruled by a governmental system that combines 2 or more of these (for example, the USA is not a true capitalist society, since the government actually provides some services for its citizens). Additionally, one person's opinion of the type of government may differ from another's (many argue that the USA is actually a plutocracy rather than a democracy).

7. Two Main Questions for Government… • How does the Government distribute power? • How do the citizens participate in government?

8. Describe the ways governments distribute power • Unitary- a form of government in which power is held by one central authority. • Confederation-voluntary associations of independent states that, to secure some common purpose, agree to certain limitations on their freedom of action and establish some joint machinery of consultation or deliberation. • Federal-a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities.

9. Unitary • All power is held by the central government. This central government may delegate (or transfer) some duties to smaller political units like cities but it retains final authority over all decisions. Unitary central governments are stronger than federal central governments. Examples: France, Italy, Japan, South Korea, and Kenya

10. UNITARYWays Government Distributes Power Regional Authority Regional Authority Central Authority Regional Authority Regional Authority

11. Unitary- Family Example: Single parent, all decisions are made by that one adult.

12. UNITARYWays Government Distributes Power

13. Confederation • A loose alliance of countries or other political units like states. Each unit has final control of its own laws and citizens. The central government makes decisions only on issues that affect the entire confederation. Confederations can be unstable because members often want to do things their own way! Examples: African Union & European Union

14. CONFEDERATIONWays Government Distributes Power Regional Authority Regional Authority Central Authority Regional Authority Regional Authority

15. Confederation- Family Example: EVERYONE in the family has equal input and SHARE most power to make decisions within the family.

16. Federal • Divide power between the central government and the governments of smaller political units such as states. Most federal systems give a lot of power to the lower governments to handle local affairs. The central government handles issues that concern the entire country, such as the military or negotiating treaties with foreign countries. Examples; The U.S., Canada, Mexico, and Brazil.

17. FEDERATION/FEDERALWays Government Distributes Power Regional Authority Regional Authority Central Authority Regional Authority Regional Authority

18. Federal- Family Example: Two parents, however, one makes most of the decisions within the family while the other has limited decision making power.

19. List of countries with Federal Governments (24) Argentina Australia Austria Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Brazil Canada Comoros Ethiopia Germany India Malaysia Mexico Micronesia Nigeria Pakistan Russia St. Kitts and Nevis South Africa Spain Switzerland United Arab Emirates United States of America Venezuela Countries in Transition to Federalism Iraq Sudan Countries Considering a Federal System Sri Lanka

20. Citizen participation in government • Autocratic-Government in which one person possesses unlimited power and the citizen has little if any role in the government. • Oligarchic-Government by the few, sometimes a government in which a small group exercises control especially for corrupt and selfish purposes. The citizen has very limited role. • Democratic-Government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly.

21. Autocratic- Family Example: One parent has all control, no one else is allowed to neither make any decisions nor give input.

22. Oligarchic-Family Example: Two parents maintain total all control, no one else is allowed to neither make any decisions nor give input.

23. Democratic- Family Example: Everyone in the family is allowed to provide input and/or make their own decisions.

24. Citizen Participation in Government • This explains how citizens in a country are allowed to participate in how the government works and is chosen. Within an Autocratic Government the citizen has little to no choices, within an Oligarchic Government the citizen has very few choices, and within a Democratic Government the citizen may have quite a few choices. • AUTOCRATIC, OLIGARCHIC, OR DEMOCRATIC • Which one is the United States? • Sudan? • China?

25. Democracy • In a democracy, the government is elected by the people. Everyone who is eligible to vote has a chance to have their say over who runs the country. It is distinct from governments controlled by a particular social class or group (aristocracy; oligarchy) or by a single person (despotism; dictatorship; monarchy). • A democracy is determined either directly or through elected representatives.

26. Describe the two predominant forms of democratic governments • Parliamentary-system of government having the real executive power vested in a cabinet composed of members of the legislature who are individually and collectively responsible to the legislature. May have a Prime Minister elected by the legislature. • Presidential-a system of government in which the president is constitutionally independent of the legislature.

27. Parliamentary Democracy • Example: Israel • A parliamentary system is led by representatives of the people. Each is chosen as a member of a political party and remains in power as long as his/her party remains. The members of Parliament elect the executive leader (usually called a Prime Minister)

28. Parliamentary Democracy • Legislature aka: National Assembly, Congress, Parliament • Any others? • What is a cabinet?

29. Presidential Democracy • A system of government in which the president is constitutionally independent of the legislature. Usually elected directly by citizens.

30. Anarchy • Anarchy is a situation where there is no government. This can happen after a civil war in a country, when a government has been destroyed and rival groups are fighting to take its place. • Example: Afghanistan?

31. Communist • A system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy and a single - often authoritarian - party holds power; state controls are imposed with the elimination of private ownership of property or capital while claiming to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people (i.e., a classless society).

32. Dictatorship • A country ruled by a single leader. The leader has not been elected and may use force to keep control. • In a military dictatorship, the army is in control. • Example: Iraq under Saddam

33. Federal Republic • A state (Country) in which the powers of the central government are restricted and in which the parts (states, colonies, or provinces) retain a degree of self-government; ultimate sovereign power rests with the voters who chose their representatives. • Examples: India, Russia, United States. Georgia Alabama United States Florida

34. Monarchy • A monarchy usually has a king, queen, emperor or empress. • The ruling position can be passed on to the ruler’s heirs. • In some traditional monarchies, the monarch has absolute power. • But a constitutional monarchy, like the UK, also has a democratic government that limits the monarch's control. • Example: Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Japan, United Kingdom

35. Constitutional Monarchy • A system of government in which a monarch is guided by a constitution whereby his/her rights, duties, and responsibilities are spelled out in written law or by custom. • Most constitutional monarchies have a parliamentary system (Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Malaysia, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, New Zealand, Japan, Thailand, United Kingdom) in which the monarch is the head of state, but a directly- or indirectly-elected prime minister is head of government.

36. Interactive Notebook Question (Left Side) • Draw a Venn Diagram listing the similarities and differences between a Presidential Democracy and a Parliamentary Democracy.

37. Republic • Example: USA • A republic is led by representatives of the voters. Each is individually chosen for a set period of time.

38. Interactive Notebook Question (Left Side) • Think-Pair-Share • The United States is a Democratic Republic. Since a Republic means that we have representatives who vote for us; what types of things are they voting for that we do not get the chance to do ourselves?

39. Theocracy • Example: Iran • A form of government in which a Deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler, but the Deity's laws are interpreted by human authorities (bishops, mullahs, etc.); a government subject to religious authority.

40. Totalitarian • This is a country with only one political party. • People are forced to do what the government tells them and may also be prevented from leaving the country. • Example: Nazi Germany in the 1930’s

41. Think-N-Ink (On your own paper, remember your heading!) • Working with your partner, decide which forms of government would fit the following situations (4 total): • A religious group overthrows the government. They create a new government that claims their right to authority comes from God.

42. After a civil war, an individual takes total control of the government; she has no experience in leading a government. She disbands the national congress and retains all power in government to herself. 3. The new President elect wins the election by a landslide. Over 90% of the citizens vote for the new leader.

43. 4. The new Prime Minister wins election narrowly due to his political party barely gaining enough seats in Parliament.

44. Government Learning Log (1st, 2nd & 6th Periods) • Complete the Government Notes Review worksheet.

45. Government Learning Log (3rd & 5th Periods) • Pick one of the following countries to write an essay on their government: • India, Iran, Israel, Japan, Kenya, Nigeria, North Korea, China, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Sudan, or Turkey • Include the following: Type of Government, Distribution of Power, Citizen Participation, and what type of Democracy (if that is their type of government). • In your conclusion explain why you would or would not want to live in that country based on the items listed above.

46. Ticket-In-The-Door-1 • In regular 7th grade language, what is the difference between a Parliamentary Democracy and a Presidential Democracy? • (Include the leaders and how they are chosen).

47. Summarizing Activity • On the Left Side of your INB • Draw a picture for each of the types of citizen participation

48. Summarizing Activity • On the Left Side of your INB • Draw a picture for each of the types of distribution of power by governments.

49. How Governments Distribute Power (Unitary, Confederation, Federal) For each of the following situations, write on the left hand side of your INB whether it is Unitary, Confederation, or Federal • a form of government in which power is held by one central authority. • a form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities. • voluntary associations of independent states that, to secure some common purpose, agree to certain limitations on their freedom of action and establish some joint machinery of consultation or deliberation. • Country “A” has a national capital and several smaller regional provinces, the national capital and provinces share power.

50. Summarizing ActivityCitizen Participation (Autocratic, Oligarchic, or Democratic) One the left side of your INB write which type of Citizen Participation is described: 1. A small group of people control the government. Usually they do not offer many choices during an election. 2. One person controls the government. Elections may or may not take place however that one person maintains control regardless of the election result. 3. A _____ has a king or queen, who sometimes has absolute power. Power is passed along through the family 4. A _______ system is led by representatives of the people. Each is chosen as a member of a political party and remains in power as long as his/her party does