A few important concepts about punctuation

1. A few important concepts about punctuation Most information from Rude, Carolyn. Technical Editing, 4th ed. http://static.open.salon.com/files/punctuation_41238706841.gif

2. Key Terms • Clause • Independent clause • Dependent clause

3. Key Terms • Clause: a group of words containing the subject and the predicate • Independent clause • Dependent clause

4. Key Terms • Clause: a group of words containing the subject and the predicate • Independent clause: includes subject and predicate and can stand alone The teacher wanted to have class outside. • Dependent clause

5. Key Terms • Clause: a group of words containing the subject and the predicate • Independent clause: includes subject and predicate and can stand alone • Dependent clause: contains subject and predicate, but cannot stand alone Although the teacher wanted to have class outside, …

6. Key Terms • Conjunction • Coordinating conjunction • Subordinating conjunction

7. Key Terms • Conjunction: joins clauses. • Coordinating conjunction • Subordinating conjunction

8. Key Terms • Conjunction: joins clauses. • Coordinating conjunction: joins clauses or sentence elements of equalgrammatical value FANBOYS • Subordinating conjunction

9. Key Terms • Conjunction: joins clauses. • Coordinating conjunction: joins independent clauses or sentence elements of equalgrammatical value • Subordinating conjunction: joins a dependent clause to an independent clause. Establishes that one is less important. After, although, as, because, once, since, that, though, till, unless, when, whenever, etc.

10. Key Terms • Relative pronouns: • Restrictive clause • Nonrestrictive clause

11. Key Terms • Relative pronouns:relate to a noun already named in the sentence. They introduce dependent clauses. • Restrictive clause • Nonrestrictive clause

12. Key Terms • Relative pronouns:relate to a noun already named in the sentence. They introduce dependent clauses. • Restrictive clause: essential to the definition Rock music is different than classical music • Nonrestrictive clause

13. Key Terms • Relative pronouns:relate to a noun already named in the sentence. They introduce dependent clauses. • Restrictive clause: essential to the definition • Nonrestrictive clause: meaningful, but not essential Different music types, such as rock and classical, appeal to different people.

14. Key Terms • Parallelism http://superman1216.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/train-tracks_9510.jpg

15. Key Terms • Parallelism: Items share grammatical structure Bad While preparing this PowerPoint I drank coffee, music was playing on my radio, and some hefty guy joggled by my office window while I watched.

16. Key Terms • Parallelism: Items share grammatical structure Good While preparing this PowerPoint I drank coffee, played music on my radio, and watched some hefty guy joggle by my office window.

17. Key Terms: Sentence Types • Simple • Compound • Complex • Compound-Complex

18. Key Terms: Sentence Types • Simple: one independent clause Bobby ran. • Compound: two independent clauses Bobby ran, and he tried not to fall down. • Complex: one independent clause and one dependent clause Because he was being chased by a bear, Bobby ran quickly. • Compound-Complex: two independent clauses plus a dependent clause The bear had been hibernating all winter and was hungry; therefore, when Bobby walked by with his bag of Fritos, the bear gave chase.

19. Basic Punctuation , ‘ - “ () — : ; . ! http://www.simiannation.com/images/cartoons/december_07_trashlands/punctuation.jpg