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Computers in Education Past, Present, and Future

Computers in Education Past, Present, and Future. CECS 4100 Chapter 9. Purpose for the Development of Computers. To simplify the process of data and information manipulation and storage. Evolution of Computers.

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Computers in Education Past, Present, and Future

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  1. Computers in EducationPast, Present, and Future CECS 4100 Chapter 9

  2. Purpose for the Development of Computers • To simplify the process of data and information manipulation and storage

  3. Evolution of Computers • Abacus - One of the earliest devices to simplify the manipulation of data (not mechanical) • Pascaline -First mechanical calculating device (17th century); a simple gear-driven device for adding and subtracting • More reliable and practical devices continued to be developed

  4. Evolution of Computers • Electronic calculators - early 1970s ; replaced mechanical ones • Jacquard’s Loom - punch cards to record pattern; first machine that could be “programmed”

  5. Charles Babbage “Father of the Computer” • Difference Engine - tabulating device • Analytical Engine - steam driven with parts of modern computers (input, CPU, memory and output) • Never completed due to the state of technology at the time

  6. Computer Data Processing • 1890 census - Herman Hollerith won a contest when he created the fastest, most efficient method for gathering census information • Hollerith went on to market his machines and eventually this firm became IBM corporation

  7. Electronic Machines • The first machine in which computing, control, and memory were all electrical was developed by John V. Atanasoff of Iowa State Univ. in the early 1940s. • The ABC computer (Atanasoff-Berry Computer) is recognized as the first electronic digital computer

  8. ENIAC • ENIAC - used by the military for creating firing tables for new weapons • 500 times faster than the best previous • Powered by vacuum tubes (1st generation) • Filled a room 20 feet by 40 feet!

  9. Transistors • Transistors replaced vacuum tubes in 1959 • Were replaced quickly by integrated circuits (1964) • Computers became faster, smaller, and more reliable

  10. Apple Computer • 1977, Apple introduced the Apple II microcomputer, a compact, self-contained desktop computer

  11. Early Projects • Computer Curriculum Corporation (CCC) - developed CAI • Plato - (Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operation) • SCHOLAR - first attempt at intelligent tutoring • MYCIN - artificial intelligence

  12. Computers in the Classroom • In 1981 there were, on average, 125 students per computer; in 1991, there were 18.

  13. Predicting the Future of Computers • “This telephone has too many shortcomings to be seriously considered as a means of communication. The device is inherently of no value to us.” • (Western Union, internal memo, 1876)

  14. Predicting the Future of Computers • “I think there is a world market for maybe five computers.” • (Thomas Watson, Chairman of IBM, 1943)

  15. Predicting the Future of Computers • “There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home.” • (Ken Olson, President, Chairman, and founder of Digital Equipment Corporation, 1977)

  16. Predicting the Future of Computers • “640 K ought to be enough memory for anybody.” • (Bill Gates, Microsoft Corporation, 1981)

  17. Evolution of Computers • Interactive Video • Artificial Intelligence • Portable, laptop computers • Virtual reality

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