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Chapter 2: Group Work: Stages and Issues

Chapter 2: Group Work: Stages and Issues. Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark D. Stauffer. Stages and Transitions. Early Conceptualizations Bennis and Sheppard (1956)

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Chapter 2: Group Work: Stages and Issues

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  1. Chapter 2: Group Work: Stages and Issues Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark D. Stauffer

  2. Stages and Transitions • Early Conceptualizations • Bennis and Sheppard (1956) • Developmental stages of groups in terms of an dependence/independence cycle • Dependence—flight • Counterdependence—fight • Resolution—catharsis • Enchantment—flight • Disenchantment—fight • Consensual validation

  3. Stages and Transitions • Current Conceptualizations • Groups move through six different stages • Formation: Pre-group planning • Member inclusion (orientation, security) • Member interaction (storming, transition, conflict, acceptance) • Member and group cohesion (norming, action, conflict, responsibility, cohesiveness) • Member and group achievement (performing, working) • Member and group parting (adjourning, termination, closing)

  4. Stage One • Labeled by terms forming, exploratory, orientation, security • Includes preparatory work that needs to take place prior to group formation • Member inclusion in the group process • A period of definition for group members • Characterized by anxiety and dependence

  5. Stage Two • Labeled by terms storming, transition, conflict, acceptance, orientation • Characterized by active personal involvement • Action and reaction • Movement from passive involvement to risk taking

  6. Stage Three • Labeled by terms norming, action, conflict, responsibility, and transition • Cohesiveness • Standardization • Role clarification • Intimacy • Inclusion • Conflict resolution

  7. Stages Four, Five, and Six • Labeled by terms performing, termination, cohesiveness, consolidation, and follow-up • Developing roles • Resolving issues • Self-disclosure • Honesty • Behavioral reaffirmations • Ending

  8. Definitive Stage (Capuzzi & Gross) • Formative/developmental • Characteristic questions • “Can I fit into this type of group?” • “Can I trust the leader and other members?” • “Will I be hurt?

  9. Personal Involvement Stage (Capuzzi & Gross) • Action • Reaction • Interaction • Characteristic statements • “I need.” • “I care.”

  10. Group Involvement Stage (Capuzzi & Gross) • Self-evaluation and assessment • Cooperation • Cohesiveness • Problem exploration • Characteristic references • “Insider” • “Outsider”

  11. Enhancement and Closure Stage (Capuzzi & Gross) • Closure • Evaluation • Characteristic statements • “I was…, now I am…” • “I felt…, now I feel…” • “I didn’t…, now I do…” • “I couldn’t…, now I can…”

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