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Powered by Rock. Earth's Energy Systems. Dr Liam Herringshaw lgh865@hotmail.com. Geothermal Energy. Geothermal Gradient. Driven by heat from radioactive decay in Earth’s core Rate at which temperature increases with depth Average global value around 25 o C/km. Geothermal power.

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  1. Powered by Rock Earth's Energy Systems Dr Liam Herringshaw lgh865@hotmail.com

  2. Geothermal Energy

  3. Geothermal Gradient • Driven by heat from radioactive decay in Earth’s core • Rate at which temperature increases with depth • Average global value around 25oC/km

  4. Geothermal power

  5. Role of Geothermal • Non-intermittent energy resource • Low Carbon • Low visual impact • Potential for heat and power • Improved technology has renewed interest

  6. Global geothermal

  7. Types of Geothermal System Temperature • High Enthalpy >150oC (e.g. Iceland, other volcanic areas) • Low Enthalpy <150oC (e.g. intraplate settings) Geological Setting • Hydrothermal Systems • Engineered Geothermal Systems • Hot Aquifer Systems

  8. Engineered Geothermal Systems • Fracture stimulation of hot, dry rock • 5km depth; source temperature: 200°C • Germany/France • 3024m3/day gives 1.5MWe Energy Conversion Plant Injection well

  9. Hot Aquifer Systems • Aquifer Depths 2-5km – convective flow • Heat only • Temperature typically >60oC • Southampton: 860m3/day @ 74oC provides 1.4MWth

  10. The Costs of Geothermal Energy • Equalized costs (2011) £/MWh • Solar PV £89.3 • Wind £53.6 • Geothermal £55.4 • Gas £41.5 *converted from USD at 1 USD = 0.62 GBP Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration

  11. For or against? Your geothermal arguments

  12. Geothermal Britain?

  13. UK Geothermal Potential • Modest heat flow • Average thermal gradients ~26°C/km; peak of 35°C /km • Areas of high heat flow = granites with high Th content

  14. Basins & Granites Granitic blocks and sedimentary basins (Image from BGS report)

  15. Geothermal Basins in England From Busby, 2010

  16. Geothermal Potential of the North Pennines From Bott et al., 1972

  17. North Pennines Cross-section From Bott et al. 1972

  18. Evidence for fluid flow Fractured, mineralized granite

  19. Depth and Temperature studies Drilling rig, Science Central site, Newcastle

  20. Geothermal Glasgow? Mines beneath Glasgow = 20 Gwh / km2 / yr = 40% of city heating Dutch minewater geothermal From BGS / CUSP project

  21. Geothermal – for or against? VOTE!

  22. Prof. David MacKay In the UK, “geothermal will only ever play a tiny part”

  23. Next week: Water power Hydroelectric & Tidal

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