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Labeling "Theory" Societal Reaction

Labeling "Theory" Societal Reaction . Deviance is not an inherent quality of an act. Edwin Lemert, Social Pathology (1951). Deviance is relative Across cultures/societies Within cultures across time Across situations . Context: 1960's . Baby Boom (“the pig in the python”)

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Labeling "Theory" Societal Reaction

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  1. Labeling "Theory" Societal Reaction Deviance is not an inherent quality of an act

  2. Edwin Lemert, Social Pathology (1951) • Deviance is relative • Across cultures/societies • Within cultures across time • Across situations

  3. Context: 1960's • Baby Boom (“the pig in the python”) • Anti-authoritarian, “anti-institutional” mood • Vietnam • Civil Rights

  4. Context

  5. Context

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  7. Context

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  11. Context

  12. Three General Approaches • Variations in and historical developments of deviant labels • The application of the label of deviant in different times and places • The consequences of the label

  13. Theoretical Foundations • Symbolic interaction (Weber, Mead, Blumer) • W.I. Thomas: “what we define as real is real in its consequences” • we mutually define one another's actions and act on the basis of those definitions • Focus on the definitional process • Both between labeler and labeled • And historical process

  14. Foundations, Symbolic Interaction (cont’d) • Definitions of Actions • Why do some come to be labeled as deviant? • Moral Entrepreneurs (Howard Becker) • Create categories of deviance • Have some stake in creating the category

  15. Foundations, Symbolic Interaction (cont’d) • Master Status (Becker) • Social positions that outweigh other positions a person hold • Race • Gender • Ethnicity • Profession • Deviance as a Master Status

  16. Foundations, Symbolic Interaction (cont’d) • Secondary Deviance (Ed Lemert) • Versus primary deviance • Once labeled, the person internalizes the deviant self-image • Organizes identity

  17. Foundations, Symbolic Interaction (cont’d) • Stigma (Erving Goffman) • “Spoiled Social Identity” • Based on actions (or physical appearance) • Prevents Positive “Impression Management” • “Courtesy Stigma”

  18. Foundations, Phenomenology • Phenomenology (Alfred Schutz) • Typifications • Experience filtered through already-existing categories • "recipe knowledge“ • Assigning meaning to action

  19. Foundations, Phenomenology (cont’d) • Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann (The Social Construction of Reality) • Arnold Gehlen: humans must make a world they can inhabit • instinctual deprivation • extended dependency

  20. Phenomenology (cont’d) • Berger & Luckmann: how is social reality constructed? • Externalization • Objectivation • Internalization • Reification

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