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FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- )

Bolsh’s free to think & act in new ways  Build Red army of 5,000,000 men. Internal turmoil. War communism for war effort. Russia stays in WWI to keep Fr. & Br. happy & look legitimate.

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FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- )

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  1. Bolsh’s free to think & act in new ways Build Red army of 5,000,000 men Internal turmoil War communism for war effort Russia stays in WWI to keep Fr. & Br. happy & look legitimate Rad. Bolsheviks seize power (11/7/1917) & pull Rus. out of WWI  Civil war and foreign invasions to overthrow Bolsh’s CrisisBolsheviks take severe measures: Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: Military defeats Bolsheviks, against heavy odds, win by 1920, but Russia is badly damaged Nationalist support from Rus’s defending their land vs. foreigners Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Some lightening up (e.g., Lenin’s New Economic Policy) Stalin seizes power Harsh dictatorship that transforms Russia into a world power, but at terrible cost Red Terror to crush dissent It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A) REV’S CRISIS STAGE REV’S CRISIS STAGE (FC.130A) (FC.130A) REV’S DICTATOR STAGE REV’S DICTATOR STAGE (FC.130B) (FC.130B) Stalinist system overthrown by more liberal democ.(1991)  Problems in transition to mkt. econ. (FC.149) Vladimir Putin tightens polit. control to help Russia’s transition to mkt. econ (FC.150)  Rising educ. middle class that will want more democ. govt ?

  2. Parallels w/Fr Rev. Q: Revs start when?

  3. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Both had groups with rising expectations that were frustrated by regime’s incompetence Q: Rev’s succeed vs?

  4. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Both had groups with rising expectations that were frustrated by regime’s incompetence - Revs succeed vs. weak rulers who let matters get out of hand - France:

  5. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Both had groups with rising expectations that were frustrated by regime’s incompetence - Revs succeed vs. weak rulers who let matters get out of hand - France: Louis XVI - Russia?

  6. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Both had groups with rising expectations that were frustrated by regime’s incompetence - Revs succeed vs. weak rulers who let matters get out of hand - France: Louis XVI - Russia: Nicholas II Q: Both rev’s were triggered by? (Rev’s march on?)

  7. Parallels w/Fr Rev. • -Both had groups with rising expectations that were frustrated by regime’s incompetence • - Revs succeed vs. weak rulers who let matters get out of hand • - France: Louis XVI • - Russia: Nicholas II • Both triggered by war debts and hunger • Q: 1st type of govt?

  8. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Both had groups with rising expectations that were frustrated by regime’s incompetence - Revs succeed vs. weak rulers who let matters get out of hand - France: Louis XVI - Russia: Nicholas II - Both triggered by war debts and hunger -Early moderate govt. that kept old policies to look legit.-> more turmoil -France?

  9. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Both had groups with rising expectations that were frustrated by regime’s incompetence - Revs succeed vs. weak rulers who let matters get out of hand - France: Louis XVI - Russia: Nicholas II - Both triggered by war debts and hunger -Early moderate govt. that kept old policies to look legit.-> more turmoil - France: Nat’l Assembly - Russia?

  10. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Both had groups with rising expectations that were frustrated by regime’s incompetence - Revs succeed vs. weak rulers who let matters get out of hand - France: Louis XVI - Russia: Nicholas II - Both triggered by war debts and hunger -Early moderate govt. that kept old policies to look legit.-> more turmoil -France: Nat’l Assembly -Russia: Kerensky & the Duma Q: Cycle?

  11. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Both had groups with rising expectations that were frustrated by regime’s incompetence - Revs succeed vs. weak rulers who let matters get out of hand - France: Louis XVI - Russia: Nicholas II - Both triggered by war debts and hunger -Early moderate govt. that kept old policies to look legit.-> more turmoil -France: Nat’l Assembly -Russia: Kerensky & the Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention -> More rad govt & reign of terror Q: Revs go from?

  12. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Both had groups with rising expectations that were frustrated by regime’s incompetence - Revs succeed vs. weak rulers who let matters get out of hand - France: Louis XVI - Russia: Nicholas II - Both triggered by war debts and hunger -Early moderate govt. that kept old policies to look legit.-> more turmoil -France: Nat’l Assembly -Russia: Kerensky & the Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention -> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> Arb. Power -France?

  13. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Both had groups with rising expectations that were frustrated by regime’s incompetence - Revs succeed vs. weak rulers who let matters get out of hand - France: Louis XVI - Russia: Nicholas II - Both triggered by war debts and hunger -Early moderate govt. that kept old policies to look legit.-> more turmoil -France: Nat’l Assembly -Russia: Kerensky & the Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention -> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> Arb. Power -France: Louis XVI-> Robespierre & Jacobins-> Napoleon’s milit. dictatorship - Russia?

  14. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Both had groups with rising expectations that were frustrated by regime’s incompetence - Revs succeed vs. weak rulers who let matters get out of hand - France: Louis XVI - Russia: Nicholas II - Both triggered by war debts and hunger -Early moderate govt. that kept old policies to look legit.-> more turmoil -France: Nat’l Assembly -Russia: Kerensky & the Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention -> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> A. P: -France: Louis XVI-> Robespierre & Jacobins-> Napoleon’s milit. dictatorship -Russia: Nicholas II-> Lenin and the Bolsheviks-> Stalin Q: Who supported them?

  15. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Both had groups with rising expectations that were frustrated by regime’s incompetence - Revs succeed vs. weak rulers who let matters get out of hand - France: Louis XVI - Russia: Nicholas II - Both triggered by war debts and hunger -Early moderate govt. that kept old policies to look legit.-> more turmoil -France: Nat’l Assembly -Russia: Kerensky & the Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention -> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> A. P: -France: Louis XVI-> Robespierre & Jacobins-> Napoleon’s milit. dictatorship -Russia: Nicholas II-> Lenin and the Bolsheviks-> Stalin -Radical urban factions: Sans Culottes & working class soviets Q: How long do they last?

  16. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Both had groups with rising expectations that were frustrated by regime’s incompetence - Revs succeed vs. weak rulers who let matters get out of hand - France: Louis XVI - Russia: Nicholas II - Both triggered by war debts and hunger -Early moderate govt. that kept old policies to look legit.-> more turmoil -France: Nat’l Assembly -Russia: Kerensky & the Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention -> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> A. P: -France: Louis XVI-> Robespierre & Jacobins-> Napoleon’s milit. dictatorship -Russia: Nicholas II-> Lenin and the Bolsheviks-> Stalin -Radical urban factions: Sans Culottes & working class soviets -Long term pattern building toward democracy? -France?

  17. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Both had groups with rising expectations that were frustrated by regime’s incompetence - Revs succeed vs. weak rulers who let matters get out of hand - France: Louis XVI - Russia: Nicholas II - Both triggered by war debts and hunger -Early moderate govt. that kept old policies to look legit.-> more turmoil -France: Nat’l Assembly -Russia: Kerensky & the Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention -> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> A. P: -France: Louis XVI-> Robespierre & Jacobins-> Napoleon’s milit. dictatorship -Russia: Nicholas II-> Lenin and the Bolsheviks-> Stalin -Radical urban factions: Sans Culottes & working class soviets -Long term pattern building toward democracy -France: 1789-1871: Rev’s of 1830 & ‘48->Nap III’s dictatorship & econ dev. of France-> 3rd Rep - Russia?

  18. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Both had groups with rising expectations that were frustrated by regime’s incompetence - Revs succeed vs. weak rulers who let matters get out of hand - France: Louis XVI - Russia: Nicholas II - Both triggered by war debts and hunger -Early moderate govt. that kept old policies to look legit.-> more turmoil -France: Nat’l Assembly -Russia: Kerensky & the Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention -> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> A. P: -France: Louis XVI-> Robespierre & Jacobins-> Napoleon’s milit. dictatorship -Russia: Nicholas II-> Lenin and the Bolsheviks-> Stalin -Radical urban factions: Sans Culottes & working class soviets -Long term pattern building toward democracy -Fr: 1789-1871: Rev’s of 1830 & ‘48->Nap III’s dictatorship & econ dev. of Fr-> 3rd Rep -Russia: 1917-?: Dem. & turmoil in 1990s -> Putin’s rule & gradual market reforms?

  19. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Rising expectations -Weak ruler: Louis & Nick -War debt & hunger -Early mod. gov. that keeps old policies to look legit.-> more turmoi -Nat’l Assem. & Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention-> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> Arbitrary Power -Louis->Robespierre->Nap -Tsar->Lenin->Stalin -Rad WC: Sans Culottes & soviets -Long term pattern bldg. toward democracy - France (1789-1871): Rev’s of 1830 & ‘48 ->Nap III’s dictatorship & ec. Dev.-> 3rd Rep - Russia (1917-?): Dem. & turmoil in ‘90s -> Putin’s rule & mkt reforms? FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- )

  20. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Rising expectations -Weak ruler: Louis & Nick -War debt & hunger -Early mod. gov. that keeps old policies to look legit.-> more turmoi -Nat’l Assem. & Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention-> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> Arbitrary Power -Louis->Robespierre->Nap -Tsar->Lenin->Stalin -Rad WC: Sans Culottes & soviets -Long term pattern bldg. toward democracy - France (1789-1871): Rev’s of 1830 & ‘48 ->Nap III’s dictatorship & ec. Dev.-> 3rd Rep - Russia (1917-?): Dem. & turmoil in ‘90s -> Putin’s rule & mkt reforms? It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: Good? FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A)

  21. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Rising expectations -Weak ruler: Louis & Nick -War debt & hunger -Early mod. gov. that keeps old policies to look legit.-> more turmoi -Nat’l Assem. & Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention-> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> Arbitrary Power -Louis->Robespierre->Nap -Tsar->Lenin->Stalin -Rad WC: Sans Culottes & soviets -Long term pattern bldg. toward democracy - France (1789-1871): Rev’s of 1830 & ‘48 ->Nap III’s dictatorship & ec. Dev.-> 3rd Rep - Russia (1917-?): Dem. & turmoil in ‘90s -> Putin’s rule & mkt reforms? It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: Bad? FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A)

  22. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Rising expectations -Weak ruler: Louis & Nick -War debt & hunger -Early mod. gov. that keeps old policies to look legit.-> more turmoi -Nat’l Assem. & Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention-> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> Arbitrary Power -Louis->Robespierre->Nap -Tsar->Lenin->Stalin -Rad WC: Sans Culottes & soviets -Long term pattern bldg. toward democracy - France (1789-1871): Rev’s of 1830 & ‘48 ->Nap III’s dictatorship & ec. Dev.-> 3rd Rep - Russia (1917-?): Dem. & turmoil in ‘90s -> Putin’s rule & mkt reforms? It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A) The moderate provisional government formed by the Duma after the Tsar’s abdication

  23. The Petrograd soviet formed by the workers the same night as the Duma’s government

  24. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Rising expectations -Weak ruler: Louis & Nick -War debt & hunger -Early mod. gov. that keeps old policies to look legit.-> more turmoi -Nat’l Assem. & Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention-> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> Arbitrary Power -Louis->Robespierre->Nap -Tsar->Lenin->Stalin -Rad WC: Sans Culottes & soviets -Long term pattern bldg. toward democracy - France (1789-1871): Rev’s of 1830 & ‘48 ->Nap III’s dictatorship & ec. Dev.-> 3rd Rep - Russia (1917-?): Dem. & turmoil in ‘90s -> Putin’s rule & mkt reforms? Russia stays in WWI to keep Fr. & Br. happy & look legitimate It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: Policy new govt. follows to look legitimate? FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A)

  25. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Rising expectations -Weak ruler: Louis & Nick -War debt & hunger -Early mod. gov. that keeps old policies to look legit.-> more turmoi -Nat’l Assem. & Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention-> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> Arbitrary Power -Louis->Robespierre->Nap -Tsar->Lenin->Stalin -Rad WC: Sans Culottes & soviets -Long term pattern bldg. toward democracy - France (1789-1871): Rev’s of 1830 & ‘48 ->Nap III’s dictatorship & ec. Dev.-> 3rd Rep - Russia (1917-?): Dem. & turmoil in ‘90s -> Putin’s rule & mkt reforms? Internal turmoil Military defeats Russia stays in WWI to keep Fr. & Br. happy & look legitimate It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: WWI? FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A) Russian troops sent by Kerensky to continue the war against the Germans

  26. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Rising expectations -Weak ruler: Louis & Nick -War debt & hunger -Early mod. gov. that keeps old policies to look legit.-> more turmoi -Nat’l Assem. & Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention-> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> Arbitrary Power -Louis->Robespierre->Nap -Tsar->Lenin->Stalin -Rad WC: Sans Culottes & soviets -Long term pattern bldg. toward democracy - France (1789-1871): Rev’s of 1830 & ‘48 ->Nap III’s dictatorship & ec. Dev.-> 3rd Rep - Russia (1917-?): Dem. & turmoil in ‘90s -> Putin’s rule & mkt reforms? Internal turmoil Military defeats Russia stays in WWI to keep Fr. & Br. happy & look legitimate It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: Impact @ home? FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A) Russian troops retreating after one of Kerensky’s disastrous offensives against the Germans

  27. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Rising expectations -Weak ruler: Louis & Nick -War debt & hunger -Early mod. gov. that keeps old policies to look legit.-> more turmoi -Nat’l Assem. & Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention-> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> Arbitrary Power -Louis->Robespierre->Nap -Tsar->Lenin->Stalin -Rad WC: Sans Culottes & soviets -Long term pattern bldg. toward democracy - France (1789-1871): Rev’s of 1830 & ‘48 ->Nap III’s dictatorship & ec. Dev.-> 3rd Rep - Russia (1917-?): Dem. & turmoil in ‘90s -> Putin’s rule & mkt reforms? Internal turmoil Military defeats Russia stays in WWI to keep Fr. & Br. happy & look legitimate It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A) Kerensky’s troops scatter demonstrators in the uprising of July, 1917

  28. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Rising expectations -Weak ruler: Louis & Nick -War debt & hunger -Early mod. gov. that keeps old policies to look legit.-> more turmoi -Nat’l Assem. & Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention-> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> Arbitrary Power -Louis->Robespierre->Nap -Tsar->Lenin->Stalin -Rad WC: Sans Culottes & soviets -Long term pattern bldg. toward democracy - France (1789-1871): Rev’s of 1830 & ‘48 ->Nap III’s dictatorship & ec. Dev.-> 3rd Rep - Russia (1917-?): Dem. & turmoil in ‘90s -> Putin’s rule & mkt reforms? Internal turmoil Military defeats Russia stays in WWI to keep Fr. & Br. happy & look legitimate It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A) Russians surrendering after another of Kerensky’s disastrous offensives finally broke the spirit of his army.

  29. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Rising expectations -Weak ruler: Louis & Nick -War debt & hunger -Early mod. gov. that keeps old policies to look legit.-> more turmoi -Nat’l Assem. & Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention-> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> Arbitrary Power -Louis->Robespierre->Nap -Tsar->Lenin->Stalin -Rad WC: Sans Culottes & soviets -Long term pattern bldg. toward democracy - France (1789-1871): Rev’s of 1830 & ‘48 ->Nap III’s dictatorship & ec. Dev.-> 3rd Rep - Russia (1917-?): Dem. & turmoil in ‘90s -> Putin’s rule & mkt reforms? Internal turmoil Military defeats Russia stays in WWI to keep Fr. & Br. happy & look legitimate It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A) Russian soldiers mutiny as the war effort falls to pieces

  30. Below left: Russian and German soldiers dancing together at the news of the cease-fire in Dec., 1917 Right: map showing Russia’s territorial losses from the Treaty of Brest Litovsk (March, 1918) Internal turmoil Military defeats Russia stays in WWI to keep Fr. & Br. happy & look legitimate Rad. Bolsheviks seize power (11/7/1917) & pull Rus. out of WWI  Civil war and foreign invasions to overthrow Bolsh’s It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: Who takes over? FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A) REV’S CRISIS STAGE REV’S CRISIS STAGE

  31. Below left: Russian and German soldiers dancing together at the news of the cease-fire in Dec., 1917 Right: map showing Russia’s territorial losses from the Treaty of Brest Litovsk (March, 1918) Internal turmoil Military defeats Russia stays in WWI to keep Fr. & Br. happy & look legitimate Rad. Bolsheviks seize power (11/7/1917) & pull Rus. out of WWI  Civil war and foreign invasions to overthrow Bolsh’s It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: Rad. Bolsheviks seize power (11/7/1917)  Policy they follow? FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A) REV’S CRISIS STAGE REV’S CRISIS STAGE

  32. Below left: Russian and German soldiers dancing together at the news of the cease-fire in Dec., 1917 Right: map showing Russia’s territorial losses from the Treaty of Brest Litovsk (March, 1918) Internal turmoil Military defeats Russia stays in WWI to keep Fr. & Br. happy & look legitimate Rad. Bolsheviks seize power (11/7/1917) & pull Rus. out of WWI  Civil war and foreign invasions to overthrow Bolsh’s It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: Rad. Bolsheviks seize power (11/7/1917) & pull Rus. out of WWI  Reaction by W. allies & what does that lead to? FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A) REV’S CRISIS STAGE REV’S CRISIS STAGE

  33. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Rising expectations -Weak ruler: Louis & Nick -War debt & hunger -Early mod. gov. that keeps old policies to look legit.-> more turmoi -Nat’l Assem. & Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention-> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> Arbitrary Power -Louis->Robespierre->Nap -Tsar->Lenin->Stalin -Rad WC: Sans Culottes & soviets -Long term pattern bldg. toward democracy - France (1789-1871): Rev’s of 1830 & ‘48 ->Nap III’s dictatorship & ec. Dev.-> 3rd Rep - Russia (1917-?): Dem. & turmoil in ‘90s -> Putin’s rule & mkt reforms? Internal turmoil Military defeats Russia stays in WWI to keep Fr. & Br. happy & look legitimate Rad. Bolsheviks seize power (11/7/1917) & pull Rus. out of WWI  Civil war and foreign invasions to overthrow Bolsh’s Nationalist support from Rus’s defending their land vs. foreigners It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: Rus. people’s Reaction to foreign intervention? FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A) REV’S CRISIS STAGE REV’S CRISIS STAGE Bolshevik prisoners under guard by American troops

  34. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Rising expectations -Weak ruler: Louis & Nick -War debt & hunger -Early mod. gov. that keeps old policies to look legit.-> more turmoi -Nat’l Assem. & Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention-> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> Arbitrary Power -Louis->Robespierre->Nap -Tsar->Lenin->Stalin -Rad WC: Sans Culottes & soviets -Long term pattern bldg. toward democracy - France (1789-1871): Rev’s of 1830 & ‘48 ->Nap III’s dictatorship & ec. Dev.-> 3rd Rep - Russia (1917-?): Dem. & turmoil in ‘90s -> Putin’s rule & mkt reforms? Internal turmoil Military defeats Russia stays in WWI to keep Fr. & Br. happy & look legitimate Rad. Bolsheviks seize power (11/7/1917) & pull Rus. out of WWI  Civil war and foreign invasions to overthrow Bolsh’s Nationalist support from Rus’s defending their land vs. foreigners Bolsh’s free to think & act in new ways Build Red army of 5,000,000 men It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: Bolsh’s free to think & act in new ways? FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A) REV’S CRISIS STAGE REV’S CRISIS STAGE

  35. Internal turmoil Red Terror to crush dissent Military defeats Russia stays in WWI to keep Fr. & Br. happy & look legitimate CrisisBolsheviks take severe measures: War communism for war effort Rad. Bolsheviks seize power (11/7/1917) & pull Rus. out of WWI  Civil war and foreign invasions to overthrow Bolsh’s Nationalist support from Rus’s defending their land vs. foreigners It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: Economic measures? Bolsh’s free to think & act in new ways Build Red army of 5,000,000 men FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A) The Red Army showing its growing strength, which reached 5,000,000 men by the end of the Russian Civil War REV’S CRISIS STAGE REV’S CRISIS STAGE Leon Trotsky, creator of the Red Army during the Civil War

  36. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Rising expectations -Weak ruler: Louis & Nick -War debt & hunger -Early mod. gov. that keeps old policies to look legit.-> more turmoi -Nat’l Assem. & Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention-> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> Arbitrary Power -Louis->Robespierre->Nap -Tsar->Lenin->Stalin -Rad WC: Sans Culottes & soviets -Long term pattern bldg. toward democracy - France (1789-1871): Rev’s of 1830 & ‘48 ->Nap III’s dictatorship & ec. Dev.-> 3rd Rep - Russia (1917-?): Dem. & turmoil in ‘90s -> Putin’s rule & mkt reforms? Red Terror to crush dissent Military defeats Russia stays in WWI to keep Fr. & Br. happy & look legitimate Rad. Bolsheviks seize power (11/7/1917) & pull Rus. out of WWI  Civil war and foreign invasions to overthrow Bolsh’s War communism for war effort Bolsh’s free to think & act in new ways Build Red army of 5,000,000 men CrisisBolsheviks take severe measures: It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: Policy toward dissent? Internal turmoil Nationalist support from Rus’s defending their land vs. foreigners FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A) REV’S CRISIS STAGE REV’S CRISIS STAGE Nationalization of industries and abolition of private property

  37. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Rising expectations -Weak ruler: Louis & Nick -War debt & hunger -Early mod. gov. that keeps old policies to look legit.-> more turmoi -Nat’l Assem. & Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention-> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> Arbitrary Power -Louis->Robespierre->Nap -Tsar->Lenin->Stalin -Rad WC: Sans Culottes & soviets -Long term pattern bldg. toward democracy - France (1789-1871): Rev’s of 1830 & ‘48 ->Nap III’s dictatorship & ec. Dev.-> 3rd Rep - Russia (1917-?): Dem. & turmoil in ‘90s -> Putin’s rule & mkt reforms? It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: Bolsh’s free to think & act in new ways Build Red army of 5,000,000 men Nationalist support from Rus’s defending their land vs. foreigners Bolsheviks, against heavy odds, win by 1920, but Russia is badly damaged Who wins? War communism for war effort CrisisBolsheviks take severe measures: Rad. Bolsheviks seize power (11/7/1917) & pull Rus. out of WWI  Civil war and foreign invasions to overthrow Bolsh’s Russia stays in WWI to keep Fr. & Br. happy & look legitimate Military defeats Internal turmoil Red Terror to crush dissent FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A) REV’S CRISIS STAGE REV’S CRISIS STAGE (FC.130A) (FC.130A) Among the Russian Revolution’s victims, as in the French Revolution, was the execution of the Royal family.

  38. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Rising expectations -Weak ruler: Louis & Nick -War debt & hunger -Early mod. gov. that keeps old policies to look legit.-> more turmoi -Nat’l Assem. & Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention-> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> Arbitrary Power -Louis->Robespierre->Nap -Tsar->Lenin->Stalin -Rad WC: Sans Culottes & soviets -Long term pattern bldg. toward democracy - France (1789-1871): Rev’s of 1830 & ‘48 ->Nap III’s dictatorship & ec. Dev.-> 3rd Rep - Russia (1917-?): Dem. & turmoil in ‘90s -> Putin’s rule & mkt reforms? It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: Nationalist support from Rus’s defending their land vs. foreigners Bolsheviks, against heavy odds, win by 1920, but Russia is badly damaged Red Terror to crush dissent What typically happens to rev. after all this turmoil? CrisisBolsheviks take severe measures: Rad. Bolsheviks seize power (11/7/1917) & pull Rus. out of WWI  Civil war and foreign invasions to overthrow Bolsh’s Russia stays in WWI to keep Fr. & Br. happy & look legitimate Military defeats Internal turmoil Bolsh’s free to think & act in new ways Build Red army of 5,000,000 men War communism for war effort FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A) REV’S CRISIS STAGE REV’S CRISIS STAGE Both sides exercised brutality, as seen in the execution of these Bolshevik workers by White soldiers, (FC.130A) (FC.130A)

  39. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Rising expectations -Weak ruler: Louis & Nick -War debt & hunger -Early mod. gov. that keeps old policies to look legit.-> more turmoi -Nat’l Assem. & Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention-> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> Arbitrary Power -Louis->Robespierre->Nap -Tsar->Lenin->Stalin -Rad WC: Sans Culottes & soviets -Long term pattern bldg. toward democracy - France (1789-1871): Rev’s of 1830 & ‘48 ->Nap III’s dictatorship & ec. Dev.-> 3rd Rep - Russia (1917-?): Dem. & turmoil in ‘90s -> Putin’s rule & mkt reforms? Russia stays in WWI to keep Fr. & Br. happy & look legitimate Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: Internal turmoil CrisisBolsheviks take severe measures: Rad. Bolsheviks seize power (11/7/1917) & pull Rus. out of WWI  Civil war and foreign invasions to overthrow Bolsh’s Bolsh’s free to think & act in new ways Build Red army of 5,000,000 men Military defeats Red Terror to crush dissent Bolsheviks, against heavy odds, win by 1920, but Russia is badly damaged Nationalist support from Rus’s defending their land vs. foreigners Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Some lightening up (e.g., Lenin’s New Economic Policy) War communism for war effort It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A) REV’S CRISIS STAGE REV’S CRISIS STAGE Among Russia’s problems after the civil war was a terrible famine in which millions starved to death (FC.130A) (FC.130A) REV’S DICTATOR STAGE REV’S DICTATOR STAGE (FC.130B) (FC.130B)

  40. “Help!” is the one word message on this poster dramatizing the plight of famine stricken Russia

  41. Poster (1925) showing experimentation in the arts during the early Communist era

  42. Lenin lying in state after his death, 1924

  43. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Rising expectations -Weak ruler: Louis & Nick -War debt & hunger -Early mod. gov. that keeps old policies to look legit.-> more turmoi -Nat’l Assem. & Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention-> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> Arbitrary Power -Louis->Robespierre->Nap -Tsar->Lenin->Stalin -Rad WC: Sans Culottes & soviets -Long term pattern bldg. toward democracy - France (1789-1871): Rev’s of 1830 & ‘48 ->Nap III’s dictatorship & ec. Dev.-> 3rd Rep - Russia (1917-?): Dem. & turmoil in ‘90s -> Putin’s rule & mkt reforms? Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: Red Terror to crush dissent Military defeats Russia stays in WWI to keep Fr. & Br. happy & look legitimate Rad. Bolsheviks seize power (11/7/1917) & pull Rus. out of WWI  Civil war and foreign invasions to overthrow Bolsh’s CrisisBolsheviks take severe measures: War communism for war effort Internal turmoil Who succeeds Lenin? It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Bolsh’s free to think & act in new ways Build Red army of 5,000,000 men Some lightening up (e.g., Lenin’s New Economic Policy) Bolsheviks, against heavy odds, win by 1920, but Russia is badly damaged Stalin seizes power Harsh dictatorship that transforms Russia into a world power, but at terrible cost Nationalist support from Rus’s defending their land vs. foreigners FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A) REV’S CRISIS STAGE REV’S CRISIS STAGE Among Russia’s problems after the civil war was a terrible famine in which millions starved to death (FC.130A) (FC.130A) REV’S DICTATOR STAGE REV’S DICTATOR STAGE (FC.130B) (FC.130B)

  44. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Rising expectations -Weak ruler: Louis & Nick -War debt & hunger -Early mod. gov. that keeps old policies to look legit.-> more turmoi -Nat’l Assem. & Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention-> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> Arbitrary Power -Louis->Robespierre->Nap -Tsar->Lenin->Stalin -Rad WC: Sans Culottes & soviets -Long term pattern bldg. toward democracy - France (1789-1871): Rev’s of 1830 & ‘48 ->Nap III’s dictatorship & ec. Dev.-> 3rd Rep - Russia (1917-?): Dem. & turmoil in ‘90s -> Putin’s rule & mkt reforms? Bolsheviks, against heavy odds, win by 1920, but Russia is badly damaged Russia stays in WWI to keep Fr. & Br. happy & look legitimate Military defeats CrisisBolsheviks take severe measures: War communism for war effort Internal turmoil Red Terror to crush dissent Rad. Bolsheviks seize power (11/7/1917) & pull Rus. out of WWI  Civil war and foreign invasions to overthrow Bolsh’s Nationalist support from Rus’s defending their land vs. foreigners Bolsh’s free to think & act in new ways Build Red army of 5,000,000 men Some lightening up (e.g., Lenin’s New Economic Policy) Stalin seizes powerWho is he like in Fr. & Eng. Revs? Stalin seizes power Harsh dictatorship that transforms Russia into a world power, but at terrible cost It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A) REV’S CRISIS STAGE REV’S CRISIS STAGE (FC.130A) (FC.130A) REV’S DICTATOR STAGE REV’S DICTATOR STAGE (FC.130B) (FC.130B)

  45. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Rising expectations -Weak ruler: Louis & Nick -War debt & hunger -Early mod. gov. that keeps old policies to look legit.-> more turmoi -Nat’l Assem. & Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention-> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> Arbitrary Power -Louis->Robespierre->Nap -Tsar->Lenin->Stalin -Rad WC: Sans Culottes & soviets -Long term pattern bldg. toward democracy - France (1789-1871): Rev’s of 1830 & ‘48 ->Nap III’s dictatorship & ec. Dev.-> 3rd Rep - Russia (1917-?): Dem. & turmoil in ‘90s -> Putin’s rule & mkt reforms? Russia stays in WWI to keep Fr. & Br. happy & look legitimate Rad. Bolsheviks seize power (11/7/1917) & pull Rus. out of WWI  Civil war and foreign invasions to overthrow Bolsh’s Military defeats Internal turmoil War communism for war effort CrisisBolsheviks take severe measures: Some lightening up (e.g., Lenin’s New Economic Policy) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: Bolsheviks, against heavy odds, win by 1920, but Russia is badly damaged Nationalist support from Rus’s defending their land vs. foreigners Bolsh’s free to think & act in new ways Build Red army of 5,000,000 men Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Red Terror to crush dissent Stalin seizes power Harsh dictatorship that transforms Russia into a world power, but at terrible cost It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A) REV’S CRISIS STAGE REV’S CRISIS STAGE (FC.130A) (FC.130A) REV’S DICTATOR STAGE REV’S DICTATOR STAGE (FC.130B) (FC.130B)

  46. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Rising expectations -Weak ruler: Louis & Nick -War debt & hunger -Early mod. gov. that keeps old policies to look legit.-> more turmoi -Nat’l Assem. & Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention-> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> Arbitrary Power -Louis->Robespierre->Nap -Tsar->Lenin->Stalin -Rad WC: Sans Culottes & soviets -Long term pattern bldg. toward democracy - France (1789-1871): Rev’s of 1830 & ‘48 ->Nap III’s dictatorship & ec. Dev.-> 3rd Rep - Russia (1917-?): Dem. & turmoil in ‘90s -> Putin’s rule & mkt reforms? Bolsheviks, against heavy odds, win by 1920, but Russia is badly damaged Russia stays in WWI to keep Fr. & Br. happy & look legitimate Military defeats CrisisBolsheviks take severe measures: War communism for war effort Internal turmoil Red Terror to crush dissent Rad. Bolsheviks seize power (11/7/1917) & pull Rus. out of WWI  Civil war and foreign invasions to overthrow Bolsh’s Nationalist support from Rus’s defending their land vs. foreigners Bolsh’s free to think & act in new ways Build Red army of 5,000,000 men Some lightening up (e.g., Lenin’s New Economic Policy) Stalin seizes powerWhat sort of policies does he follow? Stalin seizes power Harsh dictatorship that transforms Russia into a world power, but at terrible cost It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A) REV’S CRISIS STAGE REV’S CRISIS STAGE (FC.130A) (FC.130A) REV’S DICTATOR STAGE REV’S DICTATOR STAGE (FC.130B) (FC.130B)

  47. Parallels w/Fr Rev. -Rising expectations -Weak ruler: Louis & Nick -War debt & hunger -Early mod. gov. that keeps old policies to look legit.-> more turmoi -Nat’l Assem. & Duma -Cycle of turmoil-> more rad gov’s-> More turmoil & foreign intervention-> More rad govt & reign of terror -Arbitrary Power-> Arbitrary Power -Louis->Robespierre->Nap -Tsar->Lenin->Stalin -Rad WC: Sans Culottes & soviets -Long term pattern bldg. toward democracy - France (1789-1871): Rev’s of 1830 & ‘48 ->Nap III’s dictatorship & ec. Dev.-> 3rd Rep - Russia (1917-?): Dem. & turmoil in ‘90s -> Putin’s rule & mkt reforms? Russia stays in WWI to keep Fr. & Br. happy & look legitimate Rad. Bolsheviks seize power (11/7/1917) & pull Rus. out of WWI  Civil war and foreign invasions to overthrow Bolsh’s Military defeats Internal turmoil War communism for war effort CrisisBolsheviks take severe measures: Some lightening up (e.g., Lenin’s New Economic Policy) Rev. starts moderately  Good & bad points: Bolsheviks, against heavy odds, win by 1920, but Russia is badly damaged Nationalist support from Rus’s defending their land vs. foreigners Bolsh’s free to think & act in new ways Build Red army of 5,000,000 men Can’t take the drastic measures needed to solve the crisis Red Terror to crush dissent Stalin seizes power Harsh dictatorship that transforms Russia into a world power, but at terrible cost It seems more acceptable since it’s not too radical a change FC. 130.1 THE COURSE OF THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION (1917- ) (FC.130A) (FC.130A) REV’S CRISIS STAGE REV’S CRISIS STAGE (FC.130A) (FC.130A) REV’S DICTATOR STAGE REV’S DICTATOR STAGE (FC.130B) (FC.130B)

  48. The New Moscow by Yuri Pimenov depicts a very different life for Soviet citizens than is usually seen. In fact, life in Moscow under Lenin saw experimentation in the arts and tolerance that would soon disappear under Stalin’s dictatorship.

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